3rd pers. וַיִּרְאֶה Ez 18, Jb 42 Qere; וַיַּֽעֲשֶׂה and he made, four times (but וַיַּ֫עַשׂ over 200 times); cf. also Ju 19 (וַתִּזְנֶה); 1 K 10 (וַתַּֽעֲלֶה); Dt 1 (וָֽאֲצַוֶּה), and Gn 24. So also occasionally for the jussive, cf. Gn 1, 41, Jer 28.—For the well attested, but meaningless תִּֽירְאוּ Jb 6 (doubtless caused by the following וַתִּירָֽאוּ), read תִּרְאוּ ye see, with Ginsburg.
[u] 4. The original י sometimes appears even before afformatives beginning with a vowel (cf. above, h and l), especially in and before the pause, and before the full plural ending ־וּן, or where for any reason an emphasis rests on the word. Perfect חָסָ֫יָה ψ 57, חָסָ֫יוּ Dt 32, cf. ψ 73 Qerê; imperative בְּעָ֫יוּ Is 21. Imperfect יֶאֱֽחָ֑יוּ Jb 16, 30 (without the pause, ψ 68); יִשְׁלָ֫יוּ ψ 122, Jb 12, cf. ψ 77; יִרְבְּיֻן Dt 8; ψ 36: more frequently like יִשְׁתָּיוּן ψ 78; Is 17, 21, 26, 31, 33, 41, ψ 36, 39, 83; before a suffix, Jb 3. Also in Pr 26 דָּֽלְיוּ, as perf. Qal from דָּלָה, was perhaps originally intended, but hardly דָּלָ֫יוּ, since these full forms, though they may stand out of pause, do not begin sentences; דַּ֫לְיוּ probably points to דַּ֫לּוּ from דָּלַל as the right reading, since the sense requires an intransitive verb. Cf. further, v, x, dd, gg.
[v] 5. The participle active (cf. Vollers, ‘Das Qâtil-Partizipium,’ ZA. 1903, p. 312 ff., and on the participles of ל״ה, ibid., p. 316 ff.), besides feminine forms like עֹלָה Ju 20, &c., רֹאָה Pr 20, has also a feminine which retains the 3rd radical י, viz. בּֽוֹכִיָּה ( =בֹּכָה) weeping, La 1; הֽוֹמִיָּה tumultuous, Is 22 (plur. Pr 1); צֽוֹפִיָּה spying, Pr 31, פֹּֽרִיָּה fruitful, ψ 128, plur. אֹֽתִיּוֹת the things that are to come, Is 41. With the ordinary strong inflexion י appears in עֹֽטְיָה Ct 1, but perhaps there also עֹֽטִיָּה was intended, unless it should be טֹֽעִיָּה a wanderer. For רֹאָ֫נִי Is 47, רֹאֵ֫נִי is to be read.—On עשֵֹׁה 1 K 20 for עשֶֹׁה, cf. § 116 g, note.—In the participle passive the 3rd radical still sometimes appears as ו (§ 24 b), cf. עָשׂוּ made, Jb 41, צָפוּ Jb 15, contracted from עָשׂוּו, צָפוּו; and before a formative ending, it even has its consonantal sound, העשוום (read הָֽעֲשׂוּוִם) 2 K 23; עשוות (read ‛asûwôth) 1 S 25 Kethîbh, נטוות (read neṭûwôth) Is 3 Kethîbh. The shortening of the ûin רְאֻיּוֹת Est 2 is irregular.
[w] 6. The defective writing is rare in such forms as וְהָיִ֫תָ 2 S 15; בָּנִ֫תִי 1 K 8, cf. 1 K 9; וַתִּדְלֶ֫נָה Ex 2 (cf. Jer 18, 48, 1 Ch 7, Jb 17, &c.), and the pronunciation תִּרְאֶ֫ינָּה Mi 7, cf. תַּֽעֲנֶ֑נָּה Ju 5 (unless they are sing. with suff. of the 3rd sing. fem.). Both cases are probably to be explained according to § 20 i.
II. On Niphʿal.
[x] 7. Here the forms with ־ֵי in the 1st and 2nd pers. sing. of the perfect predominate ־ִי only in נִקִּ֫יתָ Gn 24); on the other hand in the 1st plur, always ־ִי, as נִגְלִ֫ינוּ 1 S 14. No examples of the 2nd plur. occur.—With י retained in pause נִטָּ֔יוּ Nu 24; once with an initial guttural נִֽחֲרוּ Ct 1 for נֶֽחֱרוּ, probably arising from the ordinary strong form niḥru, but the harshness of ח immediately followed by ר is avoided by pronouncing the ח with Ḥaṭeph-Pathaḥ.—In the 3rd sing. fem. נִשְׁתָּֽוָה Pr 27 (in pause for נִשְׁתְּוָה) ו and ת may be transposed for euphonic reasons; but probably we should simply read נִשְׁוָ֫תָה.—Among Niphʿal forms of ל״ה must be classed, with Buxtorf and
