CORRUPT INFLUENCE OF PHILIP. 323 (ut the beginning of the Peloponnesian war 1 ) a portion of hid territory near the Lake Bolbe : Philip himself had given to them the district of Anthemus. Possessed of so much neighboring land, he had the means, with little loss to himself, of materially favoring or enriching such individual citizens, of Olynthus or other cities, as chose to promote his designs. Besides direct bribes, where that mode of proceeding was most effective, he could grant the right of gratuitous pasture to the flocks and herds of one, and furnish abundant supplies of timber to another. Mas- ter as he now was of Amphipolis and Philippi, he could at plea- sure open or close to them the speculations of the gold mines of Mount Pangseus, for which they had always hankered. 9 If his privateers harassed even the powerful Athens, and the islands under her protection, much more vexatious would they be to his neighbors in the Chalkidic peninsula, which they as it were en- circled, from the Thermaic Gulf on one side to the Strymonic Gulf on the other. Lastly, we cannot doubt that some individuals in these cities had found it profitable to take service, civil or mil- itary, under Philip, which would supply him with correspondents and adherents among their friends and relatives. It will thus be easily seen, that with reference to Olynthus and her confederate cities, Philip had at his command means of private benefit and annoyance to such an extent, as would ensure to him the cooperation of a venal and traitorous minority in each ; such minority of course blending its proceedings, and concealing its 'purposes, among the standing political feuds of the place. These means however were only preliminary to the direct use of the sword. His seductions and presents commenced the work, but his excellent generalship and soldiers the phalanx, the hypas- pistas, and the cavalry, all now brought into admirable training during the ten years of his reign completed it. Though Demosthenes in one passage goes so far as to say that Philip rated his established influence so high as to expect to in- corporate the Chalkidic confederacy in his empire without serious difficulty and without even real war 3 there is ground for be- ' Thucyd. i. 58.
- Demosthenes, Fals. Leg. p. 425, 426 ; Xenophon, Hellen. v. 2. 17.
3 Demosthenes, Olynth. i. p. 15. s. 22. ovr' uv t&veyne rbv irohepov itj
