324 HISTORY OF GREECE. lieving that be encountered strenuous resistance, avenged by uiv measured rigors after the victory. The two years and a half between Midsummer 350 B. c., and the commencement of 347 B. c. (the two last years of Olympiad 107 and the nine first months of Olympiad 108), were productive of phenomena more terror-striking than anything in the recent annals of Greece. No less than thirty-two free Grecian cities in Chalkidike were taken and destroyed, the inhabitants being reduced to slavery, by Phil- ip. Among them was Olynthus, one of the most powerful, flour- ishing, and energetic members of the Hellenic brotherhood ; Ap- ollonia, whose inhabitants would now repent the untoward obsti- nacy of their fathers (thirty-two years before) in repudiating a generous and equal confederacy with Olynthus, and invoking Spartan aid to revive the falling power of Philip's father, Amyn- tas ; and Stageira, the birth-place of Aristotle. The destruction of thirty-two free Hellenic communities in two years by a foreign prince, was a calamity the like of which had never occurred since the suppression of the Ionic revolt and the invasion of Xerxes. I have already recounted in a previous chapter ' the manifesta- tion of wrath at the festival of the ninety-ninth Olympiad (394 B. c.) against the envoys of the elder Dionysius of Syracuse, who had captured and subverted five or six free Hellenic communities in Italy and Sicily. Far more vehement would be the senti- ment of awe and terror, after the Olynthian war, against the Macedonian destroyer of thirty-two Chalkidic cities. We shall find this plainly indicated in the phenomena immediately suc- ceeding. We shall see Athens terrified into a peace alike dis- honorable and improvident, which even Demosthenes does not venture to oppose ; we shall see -ZEschines passing out of a free spoken Athenian citizen into a servile worshipper, if not a paid agent, of Philip : we shall observe Isokrates, once the champion of Pan-hellenic freedom and integrity, ostentatiously proclaiming Philip as the master and arbiter of Greece, while persuading him at the same time to use his power well for the purpoi e of conqu er- ror uv lueivof, el iroXefielv ^fj'&r] der/Ociv avrbv, u^A' eif STTLIJV uiravra roit /A.7ufe ru npuyfiaTa uvaipqafadai, ndra 6iijjvo~at. Totiro 6rj TtpiJ-ov avrut rapuTTfi irapa yvufjajv yeyovbf, etc. ' See ch. Ixxxiii. p. 35 of this Volume
