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the preservation of the most just, most wise, most excellent of princes, and for the secure establishment of the realm and the protection of the royal succession.'^[1]

October 4.This letter was dated on the fourth of October, and was written in the hope that the Pope had collected his courage, and that the legate had brought powers to proceed to judgment. In a few days Nov. 1.the prospect was again clouded, and Wolsey was once more in despair.^[2] Campeggio had brought with him instructions if possible to arrange a compromise,—or if a compromise was impossible, to make the best use of his ingenuity, and do nothing and allow nothing to be done. In one of two ways, however, it was hoped that he might effect a peaceful solution. He urged the King to give way and to proceed no further; and this failing, as he was prepared to find, he urged the same thing upon the Queen.^[3] He invited Catherine, or he was directed to invite her, in the Pope's name,^[4] for the sake of the general interests of Christendom, to take the vows and enter what was called religio laxa, a state in which she might live unencumbered by obligations except the easy one of chastity, and free from all other restrictions either of habit, diet, or order. The proposal was Wolsey's, and was formed when he found the limited nature of Campeggio's instructions;^[5] but it was adopted by the latter; and I cannot but think (though I have no proof of it) that it

1. State Papers, vol. vii. pp. 96, 7.
2. Wolsey to Cassalis: Ibid. p. 100.
3. State Papers, vol. vii. pp. 106, 7.
4. Ibid. p. 113
5. Ibid. vii. p. 113.