BAGOAS, Carus, a favourite of Herod the Great, lived in the first half of the first century of the Christian era. He was surnamed Carus on account of the great attachment manifested to him by Herod. This, however, did not prevent him from conspiring against that prince, on account of the cruelties which he perpetrated in Judea. The plot was discovered, and Bagoas was put to death with his accomplices.—G. M.
BAGOLINO, Sebastiano, an Italian painter, poet, and musician, born at Alcamo in Sicily in 1560; died 1604.—R. M.
BAGOPHANES, a Babylonian general, lived in the second half of the fourth century b.c. He commanded the citadel of Babylon, and after the battle of Gaugamele, returned to Babylon, conveying the royal treasures to Alexander.
BAGOT, Charles, the Right Hon. Sir, G.C.B., second son of William, first Lord Bagot, was born Sept. 23, 1781. In 1807 he was under-secretary of state for foreign affairs, under Mr. Canning. In 1814 he was appointed minister plenipotentiary at Paris, and in the following year was sent on a special mission to the United States. In 1820 he was appointed ambassador at St. Petersburg, and transferred to the Hague in 1824. On the dissolution of Lord Melbourne's ministry in 1841, he was sent out by Sir Robert Peel as governor-general of Canada, in succession to Lord Sydenham. He was sworn a privy councillor in 1815, and created a G.C.B. in 1820. He died in Canada whilst still holding the governorship of that important colony, May 19, 1843.—E. W.
BAGOT, Lewis, Bishop, son of Sir Walter Bagot, born in 1740, and educated at Christ church, Oxford, of which cathedral he was made dean in 1777. In 1782 he was promoted to the bishopric of Bristol; in 1783 to Norwich; and in 1790 to St. Asaph, when he rebuilt the palace. He died in 1802.
BAGOT, Richard, Bishop, was the third son of William, first Lord Bagot, and born in 1782. He was educated at Rugby and Christ church, Oxford, and in 1804 was elected fellow of All Souls. In 1807 he became canon of Windsor, and in 1817 canon of Worcester. In 1829 he was consecrated bishop of Oxford, over which see he presided during the "Tractarian" controversy with considerable discretion and prudence. Zealots of both extremes were angry at his moderation, but he persevered in a just and fair course, not narrowing the liberty of the English church, though prompt and decided when he thought that liberty abused by the celebrated Tract XC. He then recommended that the publication of the tracts should cease, and he was obeyed. Bishop Bagot carried the same moderation and love of justice with him to Bath and Wells, to which see he was translated in 1845; and, without entering into controversy, it may be sufficient to say, that his successor, Lord Auckland, has taken the same view of the charges against Archdeacon Denison as he had done, in refusing to allow a prosecution to be entered upon. In 1852 an attempt was made by Mr. Horsman to bring Bishop Bagot into disrepute, for having instituted Mr. Bennet to the vicarage of Frome; but it fell to the ground, as it was shown the bishop had not only examined the clerk in question, but had delayed institution as long as the law allowed him. Bishop Bagot died at Brighton in 1854. He married in 1806 Lady Harriet Villiers, daughter of the earl of Jersey, who, with a large family, survives him.—J. B., O.
BAGRATION, Peter, Prince, a Russian general, born about 1762, died 24th September, 1812. He entered the service of Russia in 1782 with the rank of sergeant, and subsequently took part in the war against the tribes of Caucusus and of Kuban, who had submitted to Russian domination. In 1788 he had attained the rank of colonel, and in that capacity he assisted at the assault of Oczacow. He served in the wars of Italy and Switzerland under General Souwarof, by whom he was held in high estimation. On the 10th April, 1799, he rendered himself master of Brescia, and took 1800 prisoners. After having signalized himself in various engagements, he returned to Russia, when both he and Souwarof fell into disgrace with the Emperor Paul I.; but under the successor of that prince he was reinstated in his rank, and had the command of the advance-guard of the Austro-Russian army, led by Kutusoff, under whose conduct he performed prodigies of valour. Raised to the rank of lieutenant-general, he commanded the advance-guard at Austerlitz, under the prince of Lichtenstein; and in the campaigns which followed, fully sustained his high reputation. He took part in the campaign of 1812, but was mortally wounded at Mojaisk.—G. M.
BAGSHAW, Christopher, an English theologian, died at Paris in 1625. His principal work is entitled, "Declaratio motuum inter Jesuitas et sacerdotes seminariorum in Anglia."
BAGSHAW, Edward, was born in London, and educated at Brazenose college, Oxford. He afterwards entered the Middle Temple, and studied law. As Lent-reader, in 1639, he attacked episcopacy, and was stopped in consequence by the lord-keeper, Finch. He became a member of the Long Parliament as representative of Southwark. Thinking that the parliament was rash in its legislation, he meditated going over to the king; and for that purpose journeyed to Oxford, but was overtaken by a party of the parliamentary troops, carried back to London, and lodged in prison. In 1633 he published the "Life and Death of Robert Bolton," who had been his tutor. In 1660, at the Restoration, he was treasurer of the Middle Temple. In that year he published a treatise which he had composed during his imprisonment—"The Right of the Crown of England as it is Established by Law." He also published a tractate on the Defence of the Church, and one defending the university against Prynne. He died in 1662, and was buried at Morton-Pinkney, Northamptonshire.—J. E.
BAGSHAW, Edward, son of the preceding, was born in 1629, and educated at Christ church, Oxford. In 1656 he was appointed usher of Westminster school, but soon quarrelled with Dr. Busby, the head-master. In 1658 he was ordained by Brounrigge, bishop of Exeter, and became vicar of Amersdin in Oxfordshire. At the Restoration he was made chaplain to the earl of Anglesey, but fancying himself neglected, he committed himself to irregular practices, which ended in his imprisonment for refusing to take the oaths of allegiance and supremacy. Died 1671. None of his writings are of the least worth.—J. B., O.
BAGSHAW, Henry, brother of the above, was born in 1632, and educated at Christ church, Oxford. He obtained several preferments, and died rector of Houghton-le-Spring, and prebend of Durham, in 1709.—J. B., O.
BAGUTTI, Pietro Martire, an Italian sculptor, flourishing at Bologna about 1785.
BAGWELL, William, a mathematician and astronomer, noted in the seventeenth century for a popular work entitled "The Mystery of Astronomy made Plain." He was a member of a committee appointed by government to examine the validity of Bond's claim to the discovery of the longitude.
BAHARAM, Curi, sultan of Persia, lived in the first half of the fifth century. The name of his preceptor, Noaman, surnamed The Wise, has been thought worthy of preservation. Baharam reigned eighteen years.
BAHIL, Matthias, a Hungarian theologian of the second half of the eighteenth century; author of a work, entitled "Traurige Abbildung der Protestanten in Ungarn."
BAHN, Jerome, a theologian of Hamburg, died in 1744. His principal performance is entitled "Hechstverderbliche Auferziöhung der Kinder bey den Pietisten."
BAHN, Nicholas, a German theologian, pastor at Dobra; published "Das unschuldig vergossne Blut," and several other meditative pieces. Died in 1704.
BAHNSEN, Benedick, a German writer, author of some mystical works, the principal of which is entitled "The divine revelations communicated to Christoff Gottern, from the year 1616 till the year 1624;" lived in the second half of the seventeenth century.
BAHR, Joseph Friedrich, a German theologian, born in 1713; was successively pastor at Wittenberg, Bischofswerda, and Schoenfeld. He afterwards filled the office of superintendent. Bahr is the author of a Life of Christ, and of a treatise against the Socinians. Died in 1775.
BAHR, Thomas, a German theologian of the second half of the seventeenth century; author of "Dissert. II. de Cartesio de omnibus dubitante."
BAHRDT, Charles Frederic, one of the most extreme of the German rationalists of last century, was born in Saxony, 15th August, 1741. He was educated at Leipzig, and soon displayed that turn of mind which has given him his notoriety in his two works—"The Time Christian in Solitude," and his "Commentary on Malachi." He entered the university of Giessen in 1770, and taught for some time, still growing more and more violent in his peculiar opinions, and in his numerous publications receding still further and further from the national creed. The storm which rose against him obliged him to leave Giessen, and he went for a season to the Philaiithropinum of M. Salis, at Marschberg in Switzerland. Afterwards he tried to
