1795 he wished the Convention to restore the law of June 10, 1793, relative to the division of the commonwealth. Baraillon was one of the deputies who attended the wounded on the 13th Vendemaire, in the year 4 (5th October, 1795). On the 9th Brumaire he proposed as an emblem for the seal of the state, the cap of liberty and equality. When the Convention was dissolved, he entered into counsel with the Five Hundred, and became their secretary. He took no part in the plot of the 18th Fructidor (September 7); he was then absent; but on the 23d Vendémiare, in the year 6 (20th October, 1797), he addressed to his colleagues a letter, in which he urged them to oppose the fanatical priests, the former nobles, the agents of the princes, and the faithless functionaries. On the 27th December, 1797, whilst praising the patriotism of the Abbe Gregory, he accused him of exciting fanaticism by his episcopalian writings. He spoke, also, on the recruiting of the army, besides various other subjects; at last, in the year 1798 he entered the council of the Ancients. His intentions were very honest, and he always loved liberty; but in favour of it he used means, the energy of which resembled violence. It was, no doubt, through these principles, that at this time he became the defender of power. He moved the order of the day on the request to send a deputation to the funeral of the ex-minister Lécarlier. On the trial of the Jacobins of the Manège he gave a discourse, in which he denounced the partisans of terror. He contested, afterwards, the resolution which gave the Directory the right of allowing the troops to enter the constitutional boundary. At length, although opposed to the measures which initiated the 18th Brumaire, he became member, and subsequently, in 1801, the president of the legislative body. He retired once more into private life in 1806, and recommenced the practise of medicine, and his archæological studies. Besides many articles inserted in different journals, he wrote several independent works.—(Nouvelle Biographie; Biographie des Contemporaines; Biographie Medicale.)—E. L.
* BARALT, Raphael Maria, born at Maracaibo in Mexico, at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Having undertaken to write the history of his country, he came to France for the purpose of collecting documents, and published in Paris, 1841, an abridgment of the history of Venezuela, from the fifteenth century down to 1787. He is living in Madrid, where he conducts the journal, El Clamor Publico.—A. C. M.
BARAMBIO, Fray Gregorio, a Spanish historical painter; flourished about 1738, and worked at Burgos.
BARANOV, Alexander Andrew Vith, governor of the Russian possessions in the north-west of America, died in April, 1819. He was at first engaged in commercial pursuits in western Siberia, but afterwards went to America, where he opened up new commercial relations with the natives, founded a commercial colony at Behring's Straits, and took possession of the isle of Sitkhy. He subsequently established a little colony in the neighbourhood of San Francisco. On returning in 1818 towards his native country, he touched at the island of Batavia, where the climate proved fatal to him.—G. M.
BARANOVITCH, Lazar, archbishop of Tchernigov, was a native of White Russia. He was raised to archiepiscopal rank in 1668, and from that time till his death in 1693, was distinguished by the zeal and ability with which he defended the Greco-Russian church against the attacks of the Polish jesuits. His popularity enabled him to render material assistance to the czar, in the insurrection of the Zaporoghetz Cossacks in 1669. He wrote some devotional pieces, a poem entitled "Platch," and another on the vicissitudes of human life.—J. S., G.
BARANOWSKI or BARANOVIUS, Albert, a Polish theologian, successively bishop of Przemisl, of Wladislas, and archbishop of Gnesen, died in 1615. He published the constitutions and proceedings of several councils.
BARANTE, Amable Guillaume Prosper Brugiere. Baron de, a French politician and miscellaneous author, born at Riom in 1782, entered public life in 1806 as auditeur to the council of state. In 1815, after some diplomatic and magisterial experiences, he became councillor under Louis XVIII., and secretary-general to the ministry of the interior. In 1819 he was elevated to the chamber of peers, the duties of which occupied his attention till 1830, when he was sent as ambassador into Sardinia. From 1835 to 1848 he was ambassador at the court of Russia, but after the revolution he withdrew altogether from public life. Besides his "Histoire de Bourgogne," 1824-1828, and "Histoire de la Convention Nationale," M. de Barante published several volumes of miscellanies, an account of French literature from 1789, and a translation of Schiller's dramatic works. He also translated Hamlet for Guizot's Shakspeare. M. de Barante died 30th November, 1866.—J. S., G.
BARANTE, Claude Ignatius Brugiere de, a French writer, born at Riom, in Auvergne in 1670, was the friend and contemporary of Le Sage and Regnard, like whom he commenced his literary career by some comedies which he wrote for the old Italian theatre. His critical sagacity was brought into play by the publication of a fragment attributed to Petronius, the authenticity of which he disproved. He died in 1745.—J. F. C.
BARAONA Y SOTO, Luis de, a Spanish poet of the sixteenth century. He is the author of a poem, "Las lacrimas de Angelica," intended to be the continuation of Ariosto's "Orlando Furioso;" but although Cervantes praises it very highly, it is very inferior to the Italian chef d'œuvre. He died at Grenada in 1586.—A. C. M.
BARAT, Nicolas, a French Hebraist, pupil of Richard Simon, was born at Bourges. He assisted Thomassin in his Glossarium Hebraicum, and published "Nouvelle Bibliotheque Choisie." Died in 1706.
BARATTA, Francesco, an Italian sculptor of the seventeenth century. He was a native of Massa-di-Carrara, and studied in Rome under Bernini and Algardi, from whom he acquired much of the eccentricities of mannerism, characteristic of those great sculptors. Died in Rome in 1666.—R. M.
BARATTA, Pietro, a Venetian sculptor, flourishing in the seventeenth century, whose statue in the church of St. John and Paul of Venice, is considered his masterpiece.—R. M.
BARBA, Geronimo, a Spanish sculptor and architect, executed in 1709 a bas-relief for the sacristy of the cathedral of Seville, which cost 11,227,290 reals, a very large sum at that period. He was assisted by Don Pedro Comejo in this work, which in its exuberance and confusion of details, its total want of taste and ordonnance, is a most perfect specimen of the excesses of mannerism.—R. M.
BARBA, Giovanni, an Italian bishop, author of "Delle Arti e del Metodo delle Lingue, libri iii.," died in 1749. He was originally an advocate at Naples.
BARBA, Juan Sanchez, a Spanish sculptor of the seventeenth century. His statue of "The Dying Saviour" at Madrid, his native town, is the best specimen of his style. Died in 1670.
BARBA, Pompeo della, a physician and philosopher, born in Brescia. Wrote discourses on the Platonic philosophy, and the Somnium Scipionis of Cicero. He was physician to Pope Pius IV. Died in 1582.
BARBACENA, Fehsberto-Caldeira-Brant, Marquis of, a Brazilian marshal and senator, born at Sabora in 1772; died at Rio Janeiro, 10th June, 1842. He served at first in the Portuguese navy, but afterwards entering the army, reached the rank of marshal. He was distinguished by his ability and activity, which recommended him to several important public functions, one of which was that of negotiating with the mother country the independence of Brazil. As a reward of his succesful efforts on this occasion, he was named viscount and marquis. Brazil owes to him many important ameliorations.—G. M.
BARBADILLO, Alfonzo Geronimo de Salas, a Spanish poet, romancer, and dramatist, contemporary with Cervantes, was born at Madrid in 1580, and died in 1630. He called himself Criado de su Magestad, and deplored through life the scanty remuneration of his office. His poems are scarcely unworthy of the age of Cervantes; but his romances, compared with those of the author of Quixote and the Exemplary Tales, are exceedingly dull and mechanical.—J. S., G.
BARBADORI, Donato, an Italian diplomatist, and a native of Florence, died in 1379. When in that year the populace had seized on the government, he paid with his head his attachment to the party of Albizzi.
BARBADORO, Barthélemy, a learned Florentine in the second half of the sixteenth century. He discovered the Electra of Euripides, and the Agamemnon of Æschylus.
BARBARELLI, Giorgio. See Giorgione.
BARBARIGO, Gregory, an Italian cardinal, bishop of Bergamo, and afterwards of Padua, was born at Venice in 1625, and died at Padua in 1697. He was much esteemed for his charities, among which is noticed his founding of a seminary.
BARBARO, Francesco, born of a patrician family at Venice in 1398. Moreri and Mazzuchelli consider him one of
