fought with them and the Florentines against the sovereigns of Naples and Milan; and during the troubles of Ferrara in 1394, he took part with Azzo d'Este against Nicolas III.
BARBIE DU BOCAGE, Alexandre Francois, son of Jean Denis Barbie du Bocage, born at Paris, September 14th, 1798. He attached himself to the study of geography, and succeeded his father in his chair. He was subsequently chosen secretary to the Geographical Society and to the Society of Antiquaries, but he did not long enjoy these honours, and died in 1835. Besides contributions to scientific periodicals, he published a "Dictionary of Biblical Geography."—J. F. W.
BARBIER, Antoine Alexandre, a learned bibliographer, born in 1765 at Contommiers; died at Paris, 1825. He at first followed the clerical profession, which he afterwards renounced, and married in 1793. He then came to Paris, and was commissioned by the National Convention to collect the books and objects of art belonging to the suppressed convents. Napoleon appointed him his librarian in 1807. We are indebted to Barbier for the foundation of the libraries of the Louvre, Compiègne, and Fontainebleau. His writings are scattered through the various French encyclopædias. Among them is "A Catalogue of the Library of the Council of State." His son is at present librarian at the Louvre.—J. G.
BARBIER, d'Anconi, a French author, born at Langres in 1641, of poor parents; having contrived to go through the necessary course of studies at Paris, he was appointed teacher at the college of Lisicas, where an offence done to him by the jesuits, threw him into the ranks of their opponents. His talents for criticism became noticeable by an attack of a writing of the Jesuit Bonhours, so complete in style that the latter's reputation received an irrecoverable blow. He also criticised the famous dramatic poet, Racine, but with a coarseness which was destructive of the intended effect. His life was passed in misfortunes, which for a moment appeared to have ended, by his appointment to be the preceptor of young Colbert, son of the great minister. But the latter's death occurring soon after, Barbier found himself in such poverty that he married the daughter of his publisher, for the sake of finding a maintenance. While on his death-bed, the Academy, of which he was a member, sent a deputy to console him. Upon being assured that he would leave a great name, he sadly replied, "Not so, because I have only written criticisms, which in no case survive; because, if the work falls, the criticism falls with it, and if it survives, the criticism is condemned for injustice to obscurity." He died in 1694.—J. F. C.
BARBIER, Edmond Jean François, son of the preceding, born in Paris, 1689; died 1771. He became advocate to the parliament in 1708, and rose to the first rank in his profession. The work by which he is best known is "A Historical and Anecdotical Journal of the Reign of Louis XV."
* BARBIER, Henry Augustus, a cotemporary French poet, born in Paris, 29th April, 1805. Educated for the bar, "the glorious three days" of July, 1830, gave him a distaste for his intended profession, by firing the dormant spirit of poetical genius. He began by publishing some satirical pieces, marked by great strength and vehemence, which chimed in with the temper of the moment, and raised the author's fame at once. These productions were, however, eclipsed by his "Jambes," which, equalling in vigor his previous poems, surpassed them in finish of thought and style. M. Barbier has also the honour to figure amongst that band of Shakspearians, de Vigny, de Wailly, and Deschamps, who have attempted, with less success than their undertaking deserved, to make their countrymen acquainted with the works of the immortal English poet. His contribution to the labour of love, is a translation into verse of Julius Cæsar. Animated by that directness of purpose which gives such zest to the writings of this justly eminent author, are his "Rimes Heiroïques." His only work of prose, excepting articles in periodicals, "Les Mauvais Garçons," written in connection with M. A. Royer, is an exposure of the vices which marked the Paris of the fifteenth century.—J. F. C.
BARBIER, Marie Anne, a literary lady, born at Orleans near the end of the seventeenth century; died at Paris in 1742. She wrote some dramatic works, in which she unnecessarily degrades her heroes, and exaggerates the virtues of her heroines.
BARBIER, John Baptiste Gregory, a French physician, flourished at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth century. He became professor of botany at Amiens, and had charge of the botanic garden there. His works are an elementary treatise on materia medica, with a treatise on pharmacology, and on hygienic therapeutics. They were published at Paris from 1803 to 1819.—J. H. B.
BARBIERE, Domenico del, also called il Fiorentino, an Italian artist, born at Florence in 1501. He studied under Rosso, whom he followed to France, and assisted in his works at Fontainebleau and Meudon. He afterwards established himself at Troyes, where he continued to acquire great fame both as a painter and as an engraver. He was, besides, a very skilful modeller in stucco.—R. M.
BARBIERI, Francesco, surnamed il Legnano, from his native place, a small town of Lombardy; a historical and landscape painter, who studied under Gardini, and strove to imitate Ricci and Carpioni. His style was full of life and spirit; his drawing, however, weak. Born in 1623; died in 1698.—R. M.
BARBIERI, Gian Francesco. See Guercino.
BARBIERI, Jean Marie, an Italian philologist, born in 1519 at Modena; died 1574. He wrote a history of Attila, and a eulogium on Mary Stuart.
BARBIERI, Lodovico, a Bolognese painter and engraver, flourished about 1675; was a pupil of Tiarini. Most of his pictures are at Bologna. His etchings are much valued. He is often mistaken for Luca Barbieri.—R. M.
BARBIERI, Luca, another Bolognese painter, equally a pupil of Tiarini, and living at the same time as the preceding. With Castelli and Carboue, he executed several works for the churches of his native town.—R. M.
BARBIERI, Paolo Antonio, the brother of Guercino, was also an artist of the Bolognese school, who, out of modesty or despondency, in order not to compete with his brother, followed the humbler career of animal and fruit painter. In these, however, he proved remarkably successful. Most affectionately attached to his brother, he acted as his steward and book-keeper. In this last capacity he compiled the most interesting records of all the doings of the great Guercino; a journal only interrupted by his death in 1640. Guercino, who returned the fraternal affection with equal warmth, deeply mourned for his loss; and, when dying, requested to be buried near his brother.—R. M.
BARBIERI, Pier Antonio, an Italian painter, born at Payia in 1663, studied under Sebastiano Ricci, and worked for several churches of his native town, his masterpiece being in that Santa Maria-in-Pertica.—R. M.
BARBIERS, Pieter, the Elder, was born at Amsterdam in 1717; died in 1780. He treated with the same facility landscapes, allegories, and ornaments. His two sons and pupils, Barthelemy, and Pieter, the Younger, were equally distinguished artists.—R. M.
BARBIERS, Pieterszoon, or son of Pieter, the Younger, was born in 1772; died in 1824. He surpassed as a painter, both of landscape and history, the fame of his father, who had been his teacher.—R. M.
BARBIER-VEMARS, Joseph Nicholas, a philologist, a native of Louvres (Seine and Oise). He assisted in compiling several important publications; among others, "The Annals of Arts and Manufactures."
BARBO, Louis, an Italian historian, born 1381; died in 1443. He assisted at the council of Constance, and became bishop of Trévise. He wrote a "History of the Reformation of the Augustines."
BARBO, Paul. See Paul II.
BARBOLANI, Torquato, Marquis, an Italian poet, born at Arezzo; died in 1756. He translated the Orlando Furioso of Ariosto into Latin verse.
BARBOSA, Arius, a learned Portuguese poet; died in 1530. He studied Greek at Florence, and wrote a volume of Latin poems.
BARBOSA, a native of Portugal, who held the professorship of Jus-Romanum at Coïmbre, previous to his being made chancellor of Portugal. He left many commentaries on various subjects. He died in 1606.
BARBOSA, Antonio, a Portuguese jesuit, missionary of his order in Cochin-China, is the author of "Dictionarium Linguæ Anamiticæ," published in 1651.
BARBOSA, Dom Jose, born at Lisbon in 1674. He was attached to the royal House of Braganza as historiographer, and wrote the "History of the Queens of Portugal." Died 1750.
BARBOSA, Dom Vincent, a Theatine monk, born at Redondo in Portugal, in the year 1663. He has left a collection of the reports sent to King Peter II. , on the labours and travels
