liberalism, there is nothing indicating the slightest tendency to political disaffection. It had been resolved beforehand, however, that Barrowe and Greenwood should be made examples of, in the hope that their death, if they persisted in refusing to recant their obnoxious tenets, might do something towards arresting the progress of separatism; and accordingly no attention was paid to his defence, whilst his courage, ability, and manifest innocence of the things laid to his charge, only tended to exasperate his persecutors the more against him. He was, with four others, sentenced to suffer death as a felon. After several tantalizing reprieves, he and Greenwood were, on the 6th of May, 1593, conveyed to Tyburn, and there executed. A large amount of public sympathy attended them during their sufferings, and followed them to their untimely and unrighteous fate. Nor did the queen feel satisfied with the deed she had authorized. She on one occasion asked Dr. Reynolds what he thought of these two men, Barrowe and Greenwood. At first he declined to answer, but the queen insisting on a reply, he said that "he was persuaded, if they had lived, they would have been two as worthy instruments for the church of God, as have been raised up in this age." Her majesty sighed, and said no more. Sometime afterwards, when riding in Hyde Park, she again returned to the subject, and asked the earl of Cumberland, who was present when they suffered, what end they made. "A very godly end," was his answer, "and they prayed for your majesty and the state."—(Wall's More Work for the Dean, 4to, 1681.) Barrowe's writings are all controversial, and on questions of church polity; they are now very scarce. His memory is reverenced by the English Independents, as that of the man whose writings and labours first gave a firm footing to their body.—See Hanbury's Memorials relating to Independents, vol. i., p. 35-62; Price's History of Protestant Nonconformity, vol. i., p. 407 fl.; Fletcher's History of Independency, vol. ii., p. 131 fl.; Stoughton's Spiritual Heroes, p. 24 fl.—W. L. A.
BARRUEL, Augustin de, a learned jesuit, born Oct. 2, 1741, near Viviers. Obliged by the Revolution to give up the publication of an ecclesiastical journal, he became a refugee in England, where he attacked the Revolution in his "Memoires sur le Jacobinisme," a work prohibited in France. Having paid court to the first consul in a little writing, recommending fidelity to the government, he obtained leave to return. In 1803 he wrote an elaborate defence of the Concordat, which was attacked by the Abbé Blanchard. Barruel published various writings, principally directed against the Revolution. He died at Paris, Oct. 5, 1820.—J. F. C.
BARRUEL-BEAUVERT, Antoine-Joseph, born Jan. 17, 1756, at the château of Beauvert in Languedoc. Although of poor parentage, by taking the title of Count, to which he claimed right, he made an advantageous match, and, entering the army, rose to the rank of colonel, when the Revolution broke out. In vindication of the nobles, he wrote a vehement pamphlet, under the title of "Acts of the Apostles." When the king was arrested at Varennes, Barruel offered himself a hostage in place of his majesty, who conferred upon him the decoration of Saint Louis. During the Reign of Terror, he baffled for a time the police of Buonaparte. Arrested at last, he was, after two years' imprisonment in the temple, released through the interference of Josephine, and was appointed inspector of weights and measures at Besançon. Having, in 1816, accused a person of the name of Biennais of having been one of the assassins in the September massacre, and the latter being acquitted, the shame of having made a charge proved false drove him to insanity, and he died by his own hand.—J. F. C.
BARRY, Sir Charles, the architect of the new palace of Westminster, was born in 1795, and completed his first studies under Middleton and Bailey. He then proceeded to Italy in 1817, from whence he passed into Egypt and Greece. On his return, after four years' absence, he soon began to give undoubted proofs of his superior attainments in several successful competitions, especially those of a church at Brighton, the athenæum of Manchester, and the grammar school of Birmingham. Having thus secured an extensive reputation, he was constantly employed in the metropolis upon works of great importance, amongst which are the treasury, the college of surgeons, the travellers' and reform clubhouses, &c. Up to this period of his life, the styles of his preference are those he had so carefully studied whilst abroad. Then came the occasion for the display of his studies on the national Gothic. At the burning down of the old house of parliament in 1834, a competition for designs of a new one was opened, in which Barry carried the palm; and the immense building, erected at a cost of two millions and a half, and extending almost one thousand feet along the river at Millbank, is the edifice with which his name is now chiefly associated. This gigantic undertaking did not, however, prevent its designer from attending to other works in the meanwhile. Amongst some of his last, the Ellesmere palace at Green-park shows that the studies made in Italy were neither forgotten nor disregarded. During his life he received from every quarter of Europe many proofs of the high estimation in which he was held as an architect; and as marking the sense of his merits entertained by his countrymen, the queen created him a knight in 1852, on the opening of the Victoria Tower. Sir Charles died on the 12th May, 1862. A statue of him, by Mr. Foley, R.A., has been placed in the inner hall of the New Palace at Westminster.—R. M.
BARRY, David. See Barrymore.
BARRY, David Fitzjames, an Irishman, and one of the lords of parliament in that kingdom in 1585. Though at one period he joined the earl of Desmond, yet he was afterwards a loyal and active subject of the English crown. He was raised to the peerage of Buttevant in 1613; and in right of it sat in the upper house in the parliament held in Dublin that year. He died, April 10, 1617.—J. F. W.
BARRY, Sir David, a distinguished physician, was born in the county Roscommon in Ireland, on the 12th March, 1780. He received a good education, and was an excellent scholar. Having taken out his surgical diploma, he obtained the post of assistant-surgeon in the army in the year 1806; but after a few years he resigned that appointment for an ensigncy in the sam regiment. In Portugal he again resumed his profession as assistant-surgeon of the 58th Foot, serving in that country; and was present at the battle of Salamanca. From this period he filled several appointments in the peninsula. He returned to England in 1820, and took his degree of doctor of medicine. In 1822 he went to Paris, where he remained four years studying medicine and physiology in the schools of that capital, and made known his researches to the Royal Institute of France and the Royal Academy of Medicine of Paris. These were subsequently published at London in 1826, and created a good deal of interest and discussion. Dr. Barry was sent by the government to Gibraltar in 1828, with a view to investigate the cause and nature of the yellow fever, then raging there, where he remained over a year; and on his return to London he published a valuable report of his observations. In 1831 he was appointed, in conjunction with others, to report upon the cholera; and for that purpose proceeded to Russia. On his return he received knighthood. He acted on other commissions, including the medical charities of Ireland. He died suddenly on the 4th November, 1845.—J. F. W.
BARRY, Edward, D.D., born at Bristol in 1759, was educated at St. Andrews, where he took the degree of M.D. He held the living, first of St. Mary's, and afterwards of St. Leonard's, Wallingford. Died in 1822. He published a number of sermons and pamphlets.
BARRY, George, D.D., born in Berwickshire in 1747, is the author of an interesting and elegantly-written work, entitled "The History of the Orkney Islands," &c. He was minister of Shapinshay for several years; but after the publication of Sir John Sinclair's Statistical Account of Scotland, his contributions to which attracted particular attention, he became connected with the society for the diffusion of useful knowledge, as superintendent of their schools in Orkney. The sections of his work devoted to natural history are specially esteemed.—J. S., G.
BARRY, James, a historical painter, born at Cork in Ireland in 1741; died in 1806. Having by his early efforts deserved the patronage of Burke, he obtained from him the means of visiting Italy, where, however, he adopted no higher standard for his study than the works of the Cavalier d' Arpino, whose charms of colour even he was unable to imitate. Returned to England in 1775, his works exhibited a grandiosity of conception and knowledge of theory, that make one still more regret his bad colouring and unskilful execution. Besides a "Venus Anadiomene," an "Adam and Eve," "Jupiter and Juno," he produced a series of paintings, called by him the "Elysium," which he presented to the Society of Arts. His unfinished "Pandora," and two smaller pictures for Boydell's gallery, are considered his best works. A certain eccentricity or hypochondria of character was perhaps the chief impediment to Barry's taking a higher
