of Burgundy. His Arian opinions, and the religious excitement awakened in his dominions by the conversion of Clovis to the catholic faith, led him to convene an ecclesiastical council in 499. But the political designs of his Frankish rival speedily called him from the arena of debate to the field of battle; and he sustained a disastrous defeat near Dijon, chiefly through the treachery of his remaining brother Gondegiselus, who deserted with his contingent to the enemy. Gondebaud fled to Avignon, and submitted to the tribute imposed by the conqueror. When the Frankish forces, however, were drawn to a different quarter by the war with the Visigoths, he attacked Gondegiselus, whom he captured and put to death. Clovis ultimately agreed to commute the tribute into an obligation of military service, and the Burgundian prince spent the remainder of his days in promoting the prosperity of his kingdom by a temperate and just administration, which redeemed the errors of his previous career. He died in 516.—W. B.
GONDEBAUD. See Gondovald.
GONDEGISELUS, fourth son of Gundioc, king of Burgundy, inherited at his father's death the district of Besançon. He took the field with his brother Gondebaud against Clovis in 500, but deserted to the enemy at the battle of Dijon. He was subsequently besieged in Vienne by Gondebaud, and on the surrender of the town was slain in a church.—W. B.
GONDEMAR or GONDOMAR, second son of Gondebaud of Burgundy, succeeded to the throne of that kingdom when his brother Sigismond was taken prisoner and put to death by Clodomir of Orleans in 523. He renewed the struggle with spirit, and at first with success. Clodomir was slain, but his brothers Childebert and Clotaire succeeded in capturing Gondemar and subjugating Burgundy.—W. B.
GONDERIC. See Gondioc.
GONDI. See Retz, Cardinal de.
GONDICAIRE or GONDAHAIRE, king of the Burgundians, led his people across the Rhine at the beginning of the fifth century, and established himself so firmly between it and the Alps, that the Romans, after several attempts to drive back the invaders, agreed to their occupation of the territories on a promise of their allegiance. At a later period the Roman forces under Aëtius checked their efforts to penetrate further into Gaul, and in 436 Gondicaire was defeated and slain by Attila.—W. B.
GONDIOC or GONDERIC, second king of Burgundy, son of the preceding, succeeded his father in 436, and for some years maintained an alliance with the Romans, furnishing aid to Aëtius against Attila; but in 457 he took possession of Lyons, and, though for a time worsted by the troops of the Emperor Majorianus, finally retained the conquest. Gondioc bequeathed to his descendants an extensive territory, in the acquisition of which he had exhibited no little skill in diplomacy as well as in arms.—J. S., G.
GONDOLA, Giovanni Francesco, an Illyrian poet, born of an honourable family at Ragusa in 1588. In his youth he studied law, and afterwards filled a position in the magistracy. He began his literary career by translating into Illyrian the Jerusalem Delivered, and other Italian poems. His principal work is the "Osmanide," a poem in twenty cantos, in which he recounts the last years of the unfortunate Sultan Osman I., his vast projects, and his struggle with Vladislaus of Poland. He died in 1638.—G. BL.
GONDOMAR, Diego Sarmiento de Acuna, Count de: this able and astute diplomatist seems to have baffled posterity as successfully as he perplexed and hoodwinked his contemporaries. Hitherto at least his name has eluded the notice of most writers of biography. He played a very important part in English history in the reign of James I., and it is in Arthur Wilson's account of that reign that his name occurs most frequently. In Howell's Treatise of Ambassadors many anecdotes are told of him; but the most minute particulars recorded of him are to be found in the Spanish Nobiliario of Lopez de Haro, 1622. His earliest exploits were military, and performed at the age of seventeen in resisting the attacks of Drake on the coast near Bayonne in 1584, &c. From a place called Gondemar in that neighbourhood, he derived the title conferred on him by Philip III. in 1617. From the sarcastic retort of Lord Bacon on Gondomar's taunting him soon after his fall with "a merry Easter," the reply to which was, "and to you, Signior, a merry Passover," it has been surmised that the ambassador was reputed to be of Jewish descent. The fallen chancellor, however, may have alluded merely to a passage over the channel. Gondomar first came to England in 1613, and remained here five years, the object of much admiration and honour, suspicion and fear. His wit has left its mark in many familiar anecdotes. His power and influence with the king achieved the ruin of the winter-king of Bohemia, James' son-in-law, but an enemy of Spain, and brought the great adventurer Raleigh to the scaffold. He contributed greatly to make "the skill of Spanish diplomatists renowned throughout Europe." Backed by the Spanish exchequer, he formed a strong Spanish party in England, and saved, according to his own boast, thousands of Roman catholics in this country from imprisonment and death. He despised no means to acquire and maintain his power. To the king he spoke false Latin, that the royal pedant might correct him. On the nobility and on the ladies of the court and peerage he lavished gifts of money, increasing the appetite by what it fed on, the consequences of which are amusingly displayed in Wilson's anecdote of Lady Jacobs and her open mouth. In 1618 he went home to Madrid, but soon returned to London, "as no man knew so well the length of our foot." He finally left England for Spain in 1622, and was advanced for his good services. When he waited upon Prince Charles during the romantic visit of the latter to Madrid, Gondomar, who had just been appointed to an important office in the Spanish government, had the effrontery to tell the prince that an Englishman had been sworn privy councillor to the king of Spain, signifying himself, one of the most subtle and dangerous enemies England ever had. In a letter of Dr. Mead's, mention is made of a curious book in quarto of the marriage of Prince Charles and the Spanish Infanta which is dedicated to Count Gondemar, in whose titles alone "a whole leaf and a half are spent."—(Wilson's James II. in Kennett; Aulicus Coq, in Secret hist., Edin., 1811, p. 268; Notes and Queries, vol. vii., 313; Calendar of State Papers, 1611-18.)—R. H.
GONDOMAR. See Gondemar.
GONDOUIN, Jacques, French architect, born at Paris in 1737, was a pupil of Blondin, and went to Rome as exhibitioner of the Académie Royale. He was in 1769 employed to erect the new College of Surgeons (now the École de Médicine), which is still regarded by many French writers as one of the purest "classical" structures of the eighteenth century. His subsequent works were chiefly mansions in Paris and the provinces. Having realized a handsome fortune, he returned to Italy to study more at leisure the antiquities of Rome and the chief works of Palladio; when by the outbreak of the French revolution he lost at once a large part of his property and all hope of professional employment. Under the Empire, however, his services were called into requisition. Assisted by Lepère, he erected the column in the Place Vendôme, an imitation of that of Trajan at Rome. He performed various official duties, but designed no original work. He died in 1818.—J. T—e.
GONDOVALD or GUNDOBALD, an illegitimate or pretended son of Clotaire I., was called to the throne of Austrasia by a party of the nobles in opposition to Childebert II., the youthful heir of the murdered Sigismond.—(See Fredegonda.) His cause prospered for some time, being vigorously supported by the patrician Mummolus; but the alliance of Childebert with his uncle, Guntram of Burgundy, drove him into a fortress on the Pyrenees, where he was given up by his adherents and immediately put to death.—W. B.
GONDULFE, Bishop of Rochester, was born in 1023, and early devoted himself to the ecclesiastical career. Soon after his ordination he made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and it was in fulfilment of a vow made during a storm which he encountered on his way home, that he became a monk of the order of St. Benedict, and entered the abbey of Bee in Normandy. His zeal secured him the notice and friendship of two men destined to eminence in the church, Lanfranc and Anselm. The former attached Gondulfe to his own person, and after making him abbot of St. Stephen's at Caen, took him to England, and made him steward of his household. In 1076 the see of Rochester becoming vacant, Lanfranc made Gondulfe the bishop. He maintained the rights of his church, securing for it two fiefs, Lambeth and another. He repaired the cathedral, and founded two convents. The moderation of his character left him at peace with both parties in the struggle between the court and the clergy, which culminated in the rebellion of Odo, bishop of Bayeux. Gondulfe gave alms liberally, but never exceeded his income. Earnest in devotion,
