reign; and upon the flight of Gerald, earl of Desmond—(see Desmond)—the earl of Kerry and his son, moved by their discontents against the lord-deputy, broke into open rebellion. After taking some strongholds, and ranging the counties of Waterford and Tipperary, committing waste and taking spoil, he was at length encountered by the lord-deputy at the wood of Lisconnell in Kerry, after a severe engagement his army was put to flight, and the earl escaped into the mountains. Another decisive defeat completed his overthrow. He was pardoned by the intercession of Ormonde, and lived in quiet till his death on the 16th December, 1590.—J. F. W.
KERSAINT, Gui Pierre de Coetnempren, Comte de, a captain in the French navy, and one of the promoters and victims of the Reign of Terror, was born of a noble family of Brittany in 1743. Before the breaking out of the Revolution he expressed the most advanced opinions of the levelling school in a pamphlet entitled "Le Bon Sens," which he published in 1788. He was also distinguished as an able political writer in the public journals. He was one of the most active members of the jacobin club; and in January, 1792, he entered the legislative assembly as deputy for the department of the Seine. He was one of those most strongly opposed to all class privileges, voted for the disbandment of the Swiss guard as unconstitutional, and even objected to the king being termed the chief of the state. In January, 1793, after a violent attack upon the English government, he moved and carried the institution of the committee of public safety; but no sooner did this committee commence its sanguinary career than he revolted with horror at its decrees. After having eloquently protested against the execution of the king, he was himself arraigned at the bar of the tribunal which he had called into existence. He succeeded in concealing himself for a time, but was at length dragged to the scaffold, and guillotined on the 4th December, 1793.—G. BL.
KERSEY, John, an English mathematician, flourished in the course of the seventeenth century. He wrote a treatise on algebra, considered one of the best of its time (published 1673), and an English dictionary.—W. J. M. R.
KESSEL, Ferdinand van, son of Jan van Kessel the Elder, was born at Antwerp in 1660, and died there in 1696. Like his father, whose pupil he was, he painted highly-finished landscapes of cabinet size. His pictures are inferior to those of his father, but they are still much valued. In his own day they were greatly sought after. John Sobieski so highly admired his pictures that he built a cabinet for their exclusive reception, and invited the artist to Breda. He was also patronized, among others, by Prince William of Orange.—J. T—e.
KESSEL, Jan van, Dutch painter, born at Antwerp in 1626, was a very successful imitator of the manner of Breughel. He painted small landscapes, in which he imitated the details of herbage, &c., and introduced birds, insects, and the like, with minute accuracy. He also painted some flower-pieces. He died about the end of the century, but there is considerable difference of statement as to the year.—J. T—e.
KESSEL, Jan van, nephew of the preceding, born at Antwerp about 1648, imitated the manner of Teniers, painting village fetes, boors carousing, and the like. He succeeded to the property of his relative Ferdinand van Kessel, when he gave up painting, and being of intemperate habits, became impoverished; he then took to portrait painting and went to Madrid, where he was patronized by the court, and where he died in 1708.—J. T—e.
KESSEL, Theodor van, engraver, was born at Antwerp about 1620. His engravings and etchings, which are numerous, are executed in a free and spirited manner, but are deficient in precision. They include scriptural and historical subjects after Giorgione, Guide, and other Italian masters; a boar-hunt, landscapes, and allegories after Rubens; a "Virgin and Child," after Vandyck, and many more. His name is also attached to a folio volume of vases and ornaments designed by A. van Vianese, and ten plates of animals by G. van der Hecke. The year of his death is unknown; his latest dated engraving is 1656.—J. T—e.
KESSELS, Matthew, a celebrated Dutch sculptor, was born at Maestricht, May 20, 1784, and studied in the école des beaux-arts, Paris. In 1806 he went to St. Petersburg, where he remained several years, his chief occupation being the modelling of statuettes in gold and silver. Returning to Paris, he became a pupil of Girodet; and then proceeding to Rome, he entered the studio of Thorwaldsen, who employed him on his bas-reliefs of Day and Night, and other works. His statue of S. Sebastian was awarded the first prize by the academy of St. Luke at a competition proposed by Canova. Kessels now executed a "Discobolus," a "Venus," and other statues, and, his position being assured, he received a commission from the Dutch government for a colossal statue of "Mars in repose." He also designed a grand mausoleum for the wife of the Dutch ambassador, to be erected in the church of Julian at Rome. One of his most admired works is "A Scene at the Deluge," executed for an English patron, Mr. Jones. He died March 3, 1836.—J. T—e.
KETEL, Cornelis, was born at Gouda in 1548, and studied with a painter of Delft of the name of Montfoort. He then went to France, and worked at Paris and at Fontainebleau. In 1573, owing to the troubles in his own country, he visited London and was patronized as a portrait-painter. Queen Elizabeth sat to him in 1578 at Hanworth. In 1581 Ketel returned to his own country, where he met with a better recognition than formerly, even though for some time he adopted the whimsical idea of painting with his fingers only, without the aid of brushes. He generally painted with a bold pencil; he was also a poet. The date of his death is not known, but he was still living in 1604, when Van Mander published his work on the Dutch painters. In Walpole is a print of Ketel by Worthington from a picture by himself.—R. N. W.
KET or KETT, Robert, leader of the eastern counties insurrection of 1549, was a tanner of Wymondham, a few miles from Norwich, where, at an annual festival in the July of that year, the formidable movement commenced. The grievances which led the working population of that region to insurrection, were the growth of the inclosure system, the conversion of tillage land into pasture, and the dearness of food. With ten thousand insurgents Ket encamped on Mousehold hill, to the north of Norwich, which city was assaulted and taken on the 1st of August. After they withdrew from it to their former quarters, Norwich was occupied by Lord Northampton and a force; again the city was stormed by Ket and the insurgents. Warwick took the command of the king's forces, and on the 23rd of August appeared before Norwich, offering for the second time a free pardon. It was now Ket's wish to accept the offer, but the hasty revenge by the royal herald of an insult offered him by a boy, inflamed the insurgents, and the pardon was rejected. On the 27th the insurgents engaged Warwick in the open field, in Duffindale, and were defeated. Ket escaped from the field, but with his brother William was soon afterwards taken, and sent to London to be examined by the council. In the autumn they were relegated to their own county for punishment. Robert was hung in chains on Norwich castle, and William on the church tower at Wymondham. Their insurrection forms an interesting episode in the history of England under Edward IV., by Mr. Froude, who remarks on the order maintained by Ket throughout his lawless proceedings.—F. E.
KETT, Henry, was born at Norwich in 1761. He entered Trinity college, Oxford, in 1777, and was Bampton lecturer in 1790. He visited France at the outbreak of the Revolution. In 1798 he published his "History the Interpreter of Prophecy;" in 1802 "Elements of General Knowledge," which became very popular; he also wrote on logic; "Emily," a novel; "A Tour to the Lakes;" "A Life of Henry Headley," &c. He was drowned at Stanwell, June 30, 1825.—B. H. C.
KETTLEWELL, John, a pious and learned English divine, born at Northallerton in 1653. He entered at St. Edmund's, Oxford, in 1670, and became a fellow of Lincoln college in 1675. He took orders, and about 1678 wrote his celebrated "Measures of Christian obedience," which he dedicated to Bishop Compton, but afterwards cancelled this dedication. Lord William Russell's mother made him her chaplain for this work. In 1682 Lord Digby appointed him vicar of Coleshill in Warwickshire. At the Revolution he refused to take the oaths to William and Mary, and was in 1690 deprived of his living. He afterwards came to London, where he employed himself in literary avocations till his death on April 12, 1695. Robert Nelson published an account of his life in 1718, and passed upon him many high encomiums. His works were collected and published in 1718, in 2 vols. folio.—B. H. C.
KEVIN or COEMGEN, an Irish saint, is said to have been born in 498, though Dr. Lanigan with good reason considers his nativity was much later. His parents were christian and of high birth: he was placed under Petrocus, "a learned and holy Briton," with whom he remained five years. He was ordained
