Justiciero." His comedies, of which the most celebrated is "El desden con el desden," are much better.—F. M. W.
MORETTO: the name by which Alessandro Bonvicino of Brescia is commonly known. Neither the dates of his birth nor death are known, but he studied early in Venice, where he imitated first John Bellini and then Titian; eventually, however, he became a devoted admirer of Raphael, but it is not known that he ever visited Rome. Moretto's works range in their dates from 1524 to 1556; he painted in oil and in fresco, and was excellent in portraits in the early part of his career. Brescia still possesses many works by Moretto, its greatest painter, as the altar-pieces in San Clemente, in SS. Nazaro e Celso, in the Madonna delle Grazie, and in Santa Maria dei Miracoli; besides the series of frescoes in the Villa Martinengo at Novarino, near Brescia. There is also a grand altar-piece by this painter in the National gallery—"St. Bernardino of Siena with four other saints," and the "Virgin and Child with St. Catherine and St. Clara appearing in the clouds above"—St. Bernardino is standing in the centre of the picture holding up in his right hand the monogram of Christ, I H S (ΙΗΣΟΥΣ, Jesus), and in his left an open book with the words "Pater, manifestavi nomen tuum hominibus." At his feet are three mitres, inscribed with the names of the three cities of which he is said to have refused the bishoprics—Urbino, Siena, Ferrara.—(Ridolfi, Vite, &c.; Brognoli, Guida di Brescia, 1826.)—R. N. W.
MORGAGNI, Giambattista, an eminent Italian anatomist, born in 1682. From an early age he showed great aptitude for scientific knowledge; and possessing an astonishing memory, deep reflection, and a penetrating judgment, he soon distinguished himself. He studied at Bologna under the celebrated Valsalva, and for many years filled the first anatomical chair in the university of Padua. This professorship he held, honoured by the greatest men of the day and by all the learned societies of Europe, till his death in 1771. His works are numerous, and his anatomical discoveries of great importance.—W. B—d.
MORGAN, Augustus de. See De Morgan.
MORGAN, Sir Henry, a famous buccaneer, whose exploits against Spanish ships and settlements in the West Indies, in the latter half of the seventeenth century, render him conspicuous amongst the lawless adventurers of the period. He was the son of a Welsh farmer, and was born about 1632, in the county of Merioneth. He went to sea early in life, visiting first Barbadoes and afterwards Jamaica. Here he found the means of becoming master of a small bark, in which he commenced, about 1664, his series of privateering enterprises against the Spaniards. It was an age of wild adventure and excitement, in which the restraints of law and the dictates of mercy were alike unheeded in that distant region Morgan possessed both courage and address, qualities which speedily enabled him to take the foremost place among his associates, by whom he was dignified by the title of admiral. Under him., buccaneering assumed a more complete organization than it had hitherto done. At one time he had under his command a fleet of thirty-seven vessels, with above two thousand men. One of Morgan's earliest exploits was the attack and plunder of the town of Puerto del Principe in Cuba. He next captured Porto Bello. The towns of Maracaybo and Gibraltar (on the Gulf of Maracaybo) experienced a like fate. Upon these and similar occasions, Morgan's conduct towards the unhappy victims who fell into his hands was marked by the most wanton and ferocious cruelty. His most distinguishing exploit was the capture of the city of Panama in 1671, whence he obtained an immense booty, and which he left a heap of smouldering ruins. Shortly after reaching Jamaica on his return from this adventure, Morgan (in company with the governor of that island) was summoned to England, to answer the complaints of the Spanish court. On his arrival in the Thames, Morgan was thrown into the Tower, and remained a prisoner during three years. At the end of that period he not only obtained his release from confinement, but made his way so effectually into the favour of Charles II. as to receive from that sovereign the honour of knighthood (1674), with a commission appointing him lieutenant-governor of Jamaica, whither he returned to pass the remainder of his days in the enjoyment of the ill-gotten wealth which his wild career had enabled him to amass. He died in Jamaica in 1688.—W. H.
MORGAN, Sydney, Lady, a brilliant writer in various departments of English literature, was born, it is said, on board ship betwixt England and Ireland. The year of her birth she would never admit, but it is placed by a writer in the Athenæum (No. 1642) as early as 1777. Her father was a handsome Irish actor named MacOwen, who was playing in the provincial theatres of England under the name of Owenson when he married a Miss Hill at Shrewsbury. Sydney Owenson's education was conducted chiefly by herself, although she spent some time at a boarding-school in Dublin. Before her twentieth year she published a volume of poems, dedicated to the countess of Moira. She became an accomplished harpist, and with her great natural talents and unfailing vivacity, made herself welcome in the best society. The well-known song, "Kate Kearney," was written by her in early life. Her ardent feelings gave a strong patriotic tinge to all her writings, and much of the success of her novels is due to the national spirit which they strove not ineffectually to arouse. "The Wild Irish Girl" appeared in 1801; "O'Donnell" in 1814; "Florence Macarthy" in 1818; "The O'Briens and the O'Flahertys" in 1827. Her other novels possess little interest. In 1812 she married Sir Charles Morgan, a physician of some repute, with whom she shortly afterwards travelled on the continent. In 1817 she published the first of her travels in a quarto volume, entitled "France in 1816." The liberality of her opinions, and the extreme boldness with which she pronounced them, excited the animosity of the critics of those days, but increased the public interest in her book. In 1818 Mr. Colburn, the publisher offered her £2000 for a similar work on Italy. She agreed to the proposal, went through France to Italy, and in 1821 appeared the most exciting book of the season. Lady Morgan's "Italy." The "Passages from my autobiography," published just before her death, described the triumphant reception she met with at Paris as she went this journey. Her "Italy" was even more fiercely assailed than the "France," but she never flinched from declaring her whig principles. Her reward came in a pension from the crown of £300 a year when Earl Grey became minister, a pension granted for her services to literature and to Ireland. Preserving in a remarkable degree her youthful vivacity and love of society, she survived her husband, and died at length in London on the 13th of April, 1859.—R. H.
MORGAN, Sir Thomas Charles, M.D., the husband of the well-known authoress, himself attained some distinction amongst the literary men of the first half of the present century. He was the eldest son of John Morgan, Esq., of Charlotte Street, Bloomsbury. He obtained his preliminary education at Eton and the Charter-house, and in his eighteenth year he entered at St. Peter's college, Cambridge, where he gained a high reputation for his knowledge of Greek and metaphysics. He obtained the degree of M.B. in 1804, and of M.D. in 1809. His first wife was a Miss Hammond, who died early, leaving him with one daughter. Soon after her death a circumstance occurred which had a considerable influence on his future career. He had settled as a practitioner in a country town, and was on one occasion accidentally called to attend the marquis of Abercorn, who had met with a serious accident in his neighbourhood. The result was an invitation to visit the marquis at his seat. Baron's Court, in Ireland. There he met with Miss Sydney Owenson, a lady who had already achieved considerable success in literature by the authorship of the Wild Irish Girl, and Woman, or Ida of Athens. An attachment ensued, and they were married at Baron's Court, January 12, 1812. Previously, however, Morgan had received the honour of knighthood from the duke of Richmond, then lord-lieutenant, who, it is said, conferred it at a private ball on hearing the declaration from Miss Owenson that she would never change the title of Miss Owenson for that of Mistress Morgan. Although he obtained the fellowship of the College of Physicians, Sir T. Morgan soon relinquished all idea of practising his profession, and devoted himself entirely to literature. To Lady Morgan's books on France and Italy he contributed the chapters on law, medical science, and statistics. In 1819 he published a work called "Sketches of the Philosophy of Life," containing a popular exposition of physiological science; he was also a prolific contributor to periodical literature. During a long residence in Ireland he devoted a great part of his time and talents to the cause of catholic emancipation, in behalf of which he wrote constantly in the public journals. As a writer his style was eloquent and sparkling. Amongst his last literary efforts was "The hook without a name," which appeared in 1841, the joint production of Lady Morgan and himself. He died in London, August 28, 1843.—F. C. W.
MORGAN, William, one of the translators of the Welsh Bible which appeared in 1588, was educated at St. John's col-
