In 1833 he was appointed keeper of prints in the British museum. He was also a fellow of the Royal and Antiquarian Societies. He amused his leisure by etching; but his essays in this line are not of much value. He died May 26, 1836. Mr. Ottley's works did excellent service in promoting a taste for art of a pure character, and in exciting a desire to study its history. But he was far from profound either as a historian or a critic.—J. T—e.
OTTMER, Karl Theodor, an eminent German architect, was born at Brunswick, January 19, 1800. His father a physician, wished him to follow that profession, but gave way before the youth's strong inclination for architecture. He went to Prussia to complete his studies, and there attracted so much attention that he was employed in 1822 to erect the Königstädter theater, which he completed the following year. In this work, which was greatly admired, his designs were privately revised by Schinkel. So great was its success that he was soon employed on other buildings, the most important being the Sing-Akademie, Berlin, completed in 1827. He now made a professional tour in Italy, whence he was recalled in 1829 to make designs for a theatre at Dresden. This he did, but the building was not erected till some years later, and then Semper was the architect chosen. The following year he was invited to Brunswick, appointed court-architect, and shortly after commissioned by the Duke Karl to erect a new palace in the place of that destroyed in a revolutionary outbreak in September, 1830. The building was commenced in 1831, and completed in 1837. It is a structure of exceeding magnificence for such a city, is four hundred feet long by two hundred feet deep, exhibits a rich architectural mass externally, and contains several splendid halls, galleries and state apartments. Ottmer erected many other important buildings in Brunswick, including extensive infantry barracks with a façade three hundred and fifty feet long, and Florentine in style; the Intendantur theater; the Schmidtschehaus; the Villa Bulow; an iron bridge, &c. He was always of weak health, and these incessant occupations hastened his death, which happened August 22, 1843. The designs of most of his principal buildings have been published in separate monographs, or in the German architectural journals.—J. T—e.
OTTO, Louis William, Count de Mosloy, was born in Baden in 1754, and educated at Strasburg university. In 1779 he accompanied the ambassador M. de la Luzerne to the United States of America, where he remained until 1792. Shortly after the fall of the Girondins he was confined in the Luxembourg prison, from which he was released after the 9th Thermidor. In 1798 he acted as secretary to Sieyes, then ambassador at Berlin. In 1800 he was engaged in the negotiations with England, but on the conclusion of the peace of Amiens, was succeeded as minister plenipotentiary by General Andreossi. In 1809, after the campaign of Wagram, he went as ambassador to Vienna, and negotiated the marriage of Bonaparte with Maria Louisa. Returning to Paris in 1813, he was appointed a minister of state, and he acted as under-secretary for foreign affairs during the Hundred Days, 1815. He died in 1817.—W. J. P.
OTWAY, Thomas, a celebrated and unfortunate English dramatist, was born on the 3rd of March, 1652, at Trotton in Sussex, of which his father (afterwards rector of Woolbeding) was then curate. He was educated at Winchester school and at Christ Church, Oxford. He left the university without a degree, and attempted (1672) to become an actor in London, but failed through nervousness in his first part, the King in Mrs. Belin's Jealous Bridegroom. He was more successful as a dramatic writer. His first tragedy, "Alcibiades," 1675, was followed in the same year by "Don Carlos," "which," says Downes (Roscius Anglicanus), "got more money than any preceding modern tragedy." In 1677 he went to Flanders with a cornet's commission, but soon returned to London and the stage. Of his later plays the most striking were the well known "Orphan," 1680, and the still better known "Venice Preserved," 1682. "The talents of Otway," says Sir Walter Scott (Essay on the Drama), "in his scenes of passionate affection rival at least, and sometimes excel, those of Shakspeare. More tears have been shed probably for the sorrows of Belvidere and Monimia than for those of Juliet and Desdemona." According to Johnson's account, Otway's death was a sad one. He had been hunted by bailiffs until he retired to a public house on Tower Hill, where he either died of want, or was choked by the first mouthful of a roll which, after a long fast, he purchased with a guinea given him in charity. According to another account, he died of a fever caught after the hot pursuit of a criminal who had murdered one of Otway's friends, and whom he followed to Dover. Otway wrote some poems. The best edition of his works is that of 1813.—F. E.
OUDENARDE. See Audenarde.
* OUDINÉ, Eugene-Andre, a celebrated French sculptor and medallist, was born at Paris, January 1, 1810. He studied under A. Galle, and in the Académie des Beaux-Arts, where, in 1831, he carried off the grand prize for medal engraving, which entitled him to study in Rome. In that city he was a pupil of Petitot and Ingres. Here he executed a statue of the "Wounded Gladiator," which appeared in the Salon in 1837. From this time he continued to practise, and with nearly equal success, both as a sculptor and a medallist; receiving in 1847, 1848, and 1855 medals of the second-class, and in 1843 one of the first-class, for sculpture; and in 1839 a first-class for medal engraving, and two prizes in 1848. In 1844 he was appointed engraver to the post-office, and later medal-engraver to the mint. In 1857 he was nominated knight of the legion of honour. As a sculptor M. Oudiné has executed several statues for Versailles, the Louvre, the Luxembourg, and other state buildings, and for various churches, as well as many poetic figures, portrait statues, and busts for private persons. His medals are numerous, and of a high order of merit. Among the more celebrated of these are the "Apotheosis of Napoleon I.," a model of unusually large size, the apotheosis being designed by Ingres, whilst on the obverse is the head of Napoleon III. in very high relief; several state medals executed for the emperor; the great medals of the Exposition Universelle of 1855; those of the battles of Inkermann and Villafranca; the Academie de Beaux-Arts, &c. They are designed with great spirit, and engraved in a masterly manner. A frame of some of the more remarkable among them was in the International Exhibition of 1862.—J. T—e.
OUDINOT, Charles Nicholas, Duke of Reggio, and Marshal of France, was born August 2, 1767, at Bar-sur-Ornain. He was enrolled in 1784 in the regiment of Medoc, which he quitted after some years' service, but returned to military life upon the breaking out of the Revolution, and was nominated in 1791 chief of battalion to the volunteer forces of the Meuse. He distinguished himself in September, 1792, by his defence of Bitsch against the Prussians, and, upon the colonel of the regiment of Picardy deserting his post and emigrating, Oudinot succeeded him in his command. In June, 1794, Oudinot was attacked near Mocauter by about ten thousand Austrians. He resisted them for ten hours with his regiment alone, and subsequently effected his retreat with unbroken lines. For this he was raised to the rank of general of brigade. In the month of July following he seized the city of Trèves by a clever assault, and held it until August, 1795. He was then ordered to join the army of the Moselle, and was attacked on a night in the following October by the Austrians, received five sabre wounds, and was taken prisoner. He regained his liberty five months after by being exchanged for another prisoner, and signalized his return to the French army by taking a prominent part at Norlingen, Donauwerth, Neubourg, and Ingoldstadt. He was wounded at the last-named in three or four places. His conduct at Mannheim, at Feldkirch, and at the taking of Constance, which was defended by Condé, procured for Oudinot the grade of a general of division. He was again wounded at the battle of Zurich, and became chief of the staff of Massena, whom he accompanied to Italy, and assisted at the siege of Genoa. He was continued in his functions of chief of the staff by Brune in the army of Italy, took part in all the engagements on the banks of the Mincio, and was despatched to Paris with news of the peace afterwards signed at Treviso. In 1805 he received the grand cordon of the legion of honour from Napoleon I., and left the camp at Boulogne at the head of ten thousand grenadiers, for Vienna, which he reached after forty-five days' march. The bridge by which he crossed the Danube was defended by one hundred and eighty pieces of cannon. Oudinot snatched the match from the chief Austrian artillerist, crossed the river, occupied the bank opposite with his division, and compelled the enemy's troops to capitulate. After participating in the engagements at Wertingen, Armstetten, &c., he took part in the battle of Austerlitz, and gained for himself fresh laurels. In 1806 he took possession of Neufchâtel and Valingen. In 1807 he won the battle of Ostrolenka in Poland, and was rewarded with the title of count and a pension. On June 14th he was attacked on the plains of Friedland, at an early hour of the morning, by eighty thousand Russians, and held them in check until noon, when Napoleon
