sermone, he was sa active and vigorous, that he was lyk to ding the pulpit in blads, and flie out of it." In January, 1572, a convention of the church met at Leith, and to save somewhat of the revenues of the church, agreed to set up a modified episcopacy. It was a compromise which Knox was too old and feeble to oppose, and he yielded to the necessity. During a cessation of arms he returned to Edinburgh, and denounced in glowing terms the massacre of St. Bartholomew, the news of which had recently arrived. Sickness again seized him; he paid his servants' wages—adding, it was the last they should receive from him. Some friends coming in to visit him, he ordered a hogshead of claret to be pierced for them, and enjoyed their company. His session met in his chamber, and he delivered them a farewell charge. On Friday the 21st, he desired his servant to order his coffin to be made, and he died on Monday, 24th November, 1572, in the sixty-seventh year of his age. Two days afterwards his body was interred in St. Giles. The funeral was attended by an immense concourse of people, weeping, and of the resident nobility; and as his body was laid in its last resting-place, the earl of Morton, who had been newly elected to the regency, pronounced the well-known eulogy, "Here lies he who never feared the face of man." John Knox left five children, two sons by his first wife, and three daughters by his second wife. His sons were educated at St. John's college, Cambridge. Knox's life was a busy and uncertain one, yet he found time to write a "History of the Reformation in Scotland." Many additional tracts were published by him, as the times demanded, and many letters and exhortations are still extant. The reformer was rather small in stature, and wore a beard which reached almost down to his girdle.
John Knox was made and endowed for his age and work—an age of violence and change, and a work that must be done with no soft speech and no gentle hand. It needs a brave heart and a stout arm to cut a pathway through a thicket of briars, heedless alike of the avenging thorn and the pleading rose-buds. Knox, when convinced, was resolute even to fanaticism, and when excited was plain-spoken even to rudeness. Neither queen nor court, prelate nor noble, was spared in his fierce invective, which did not always wait till the most fitting opportunity. Elegance and delicacy of language were not common at the period, and would have been disregarded in the tumult. Knox was as a warrior that rested in his mail, for he must ever be armed either for self-defence or for aggression. Like another Elijah, "very jealous for the Lord God of hosts," his earnest undaunted soul knew nothing but its mission for church and country. His spirit rose to every crisis, and his voice rolled in tones of thunder. His special work was frequently that of denunciation, and he was often provoked to denounce in stern and defiant tone. He was intolerant of all neutrality, and himself never faltered, never wavered, in that line of duty which he had marked out for himself. He had not the many-sidedness and geniality of Luther, nor the logical and compact mind of Calvin, nor the learning and graces of Melancthon; but he had their zeal, their integrity, and disinterested nobleness of soul, fitting him to do his work among a rough and factious nobility, and a hardy and resolute people. He spoke and wrote in direct and terse simplicity, and with far less of uncouthness and solecism than might be imagined. Indeed, one of his ablest opponents taunts him with his "southron" tongue. He uses, as Dr. M'Crie remarks, the English orthography of the period in his writings, and probably through his residence in England and on the continent he had lost the Scottish accent in great degree. Yet amid all this sternness and energy, and though he was fitted to inspire homage and veneration rather than love, there were in him springs of affection. His heart grew to his home and household, and in the bosom of family and friends his dark face was now and then lighted up with a playful or humorous smile. On his death-bed he could be facetious for a moment about his newly-broached pipe of wine. In short, he resembled the hills of his own fatherland, which, with all their rugged wildness, often conceal in their bosom green spots and cooling fountains.— (Life by Dr. M'Crie.)—J. E.
KNOX, John, a true patriot and genuine though unobtrusive benefactor of his country, was a successful bookseller in the Strand, London, when a casual visit he paid in 1764 to the highlands of Scotland, revealed to him the lamentably distressed condition of the inhabitants of that region, and prompted him to seek a remedy for their misery. He made a careful examination of the country in a journey on foot, and published the result of his inquiries in letters, pamphlets, and books. A society was formed in Edinburgh to promote his plans, and the Highland Society in London took up the matter. Knox's chief proposals were an inland navigation in the highlands by a canal at Crinan, and the establishment of free villages for fishing stations on the sea-coast. In the course of twenty-three years he minutely explored the highland country sixteen times, spent many thousand pounds, and endured no few hardships by sea and land. He died at Dalkeith, August 1, 1790. An edition of his "View of the British Empire with Proposals," &c., was published in London in 2 vols., 1785, and "A Tour through the Hebrides," 8vo. 1787.—R. H.
KNOX, Robert, Captain, born in 1638; died about 1700; was the son of a master mariner in the service of the East India Company. In 1657 he accompanied his father in the ship Anna, which was disabled in the Indian Ocean, and compelled to seek shelter at the island of Ceylon. At first the natives wero friendly; but from some cause not clearly explained, the two Knoxes and fifteen of the crew were made prisoners. The father died shortly after, and young Knox was kept many years in captivity. In 1679 he escaped to the Dutch fort of Arepa, and returned to England in 1680. The following year he published an account of his adventures in a "Historical Relation of the Island of Ceylon," with a preface by Robert Hooke. Much curious information regarding the manners and customs of the natives of Ceylon is given in the "Relation."—P. E. D.
KNOX, Vicesimus, an eminent divine and miscellaneous writer, son of the Rev. Vicesimus Knox, head-master of Merchant Tailors' school, London, was born at Newington Green, Middlesex, in 1752. He obtained a fellowship in St. John's college, Oxford, where he particularly distinguished himself by his great facility in Latin composition. In 1777 he published anonymously, "Essays, Moral and Literary," which met with so much success that he republished them with large additions in 1778. In the same year he was elected master of Tunbridge school, which he conducted for thirty-three years, holding also the united rectories of Rumwell and Ramsden Crays in Essex, and the chapelry of Shipbourne in Kent. In 1780 he received the degree of D.D. from Philadelphia. In 1781 he published a treatise on "Liberal Education," which was well received, and led to some useful reforms in the English universities. He afterwards published "Winter Evenings, or lucubrations on life and letters;" "Sermons on Faith, Hope, and Charity;" "Family Lectures;" "Christian Philosophy;" “Considerations on the Nature and Efficacy of the Lord's Supper;" and two volumes of "Elegant Extracts in Prose and Verse," which, as well as his original writings, obtained a vast circulation. Dr. Knox was distinguished not only as an elegant writer, but also as a popular preacher; and being a whig in politics, he once nearly excited a tumult by the indignant terms in which he denounced the anti-gallican war from one of the pulpits in Brighton. If Fox had lived he would have been made a bishop. He died at Tunbridge in 1821, having been previously succeeded in the mastership of the school by his son.—G. BL.
KNOX, William, a Scottish poet, was born in 1789, and was the son of a farmer in Roxburghshire. He was educated at the parish school of Lilliesleaf and at the grammar-school of Musselburgh, and was then sent for some time to a lawyer's office, where he seems to have acquired a taste for dissipation and vicious indulgences. In 1812 he commenced farming in the neighbourhood of Langholm; but his heart seems never to have been in his business, and he was so unsuccessful in his agricultural operations that he betook himself to literary pursuits, and was a frequent contributor to the periodicals of the day, especially to the Literary Gazette. He was befriended by Sir Walter Scott, Professor Wilson, and Southey, who all thought highly of his poetical genius. The career of this misguided and hapless poet was as brief as it was unfortunate. He died 12th November, 1825, in his thirty-sixth year. He wrote the "Lonely Hearth;" a Christmas tale entitled "Mariamne;" "A Visit to Dublin;" "Songs of Israel;" and the "Harp of Zion"—J. T.
KNUTZEN, Martin, a German author, born at Königsberg, 14th December, 1713; died on 29th January, 1751. He was professor of logic and metaphysics in the university of his native town, inspector of the academy, conservator of the museum, library, &c. He left a "Philosophical Proof of the Truth of Christianity," in German; and in Latin, "Elementa Philoso-
