SANDFORD, Sir Daniel Keyte, professor of Greek in the university of Glasgow, was the son of the Right Rev. Bishop Sandford of Edinburgh, and born 3rd February, 1798. After a distinguished career at the high school of Edinburgh he entered Christ Church college, Oxford, in 1817, was the first class in literis humanioribus in 1820, and B.A. In the following year he gained the chancellor's prize for an "Essay on the study of Modern History." He became D.C.L. June 6, 1833. He had scarcely finished his academical career when, episcopalian though he was, and in defiance of the test law, he was chosen professor of Greek in the university of Glasgow. His pupils can never forget his genial character and his earnest and indefatigable teaching. They were kindled by his enthusiasm—his recital of a passage in Greek was in its music and modulation, or in its vehemence and energy, an impressive exposition—the best of translations. Patient and painstaking amidst the mere grammatical lessons and routine of his junior class, he was all soul and fire amidst Homeric pictures or the exquisite strophes of the tragedians, the sweep of Demosthenes, or the compact sentences of Thucydides—the studies which belonged to his senior classes. But his mind was unhappily drawn away from classical pursuits. During the agitation about the catholic claims he hurried to Oxford and voted for Peel, and his knighthood was the reward. The excitement caused by the reform bill drew him into it. He attended public meetings of all kinds, and his brilliant speeches and declamations won him prodigious popularity. The bill passed, and he contested unsuccessfully the city of Glasgow, but was at length returned for Paisley. His appearances in the house of commons were almost of necessity failures, which must have been very trying to him. His politics were not self-consistent; he was a disciple of Hume in finance, and of Goulburn in antipathy to Jewish claims. Many regarded him as an adventurer who had strayed from his proper sphere; and his rhetoric, which had gratified the multitude, fell flat on the ear of the house of commons, and sometimes excited its derision. He retired with broken spirits and ill health, and died at Glasgow of typhus fever, after a week's illness, on the 4th of February, 1838. He wrote several brilliant papers in Blackwood and in the Edinburgh Review, and published also some class-books.—J. E.
SANDFORD, Francis, a heraldic writer, descended from an ancient family, was born in Wicklow in 1630. At the Restoration he was admitted pursuivant in the college of Arms; but being attached to James II., he resigned his post. His most celebrated work is a genealogical history of the kings of England from 1066 to 1677. He died in poverty, January 16, 1693.
SANDOVAL, Fray Prudencio de, a Spanish historian, born about 1560; died in 1621. He was successively bishop of Tuy and Pamplona, and spent the greater part of his life in visiting the principal libraries of Spain, and bringing to light their lost treasures. By command of Philip III. he wrote a continuation of the chronicle of Ambrosio de Morales, under the title of "Historia de los Reyes de Castilla y Leon," and also a history of Charles V., in which he manifests a good deal both of the priest and the courtier; the work is, however, much relied on by Robertson. He also wrote a chronicle of Alonzo VII., and other works.—F. M. W.
SANDRART, Joachim von, a distinguished German painter and writer, was born in Frankfort in 1606, and learned painting under Honthorst, with whom he visited England. Sandrart left this country in 1628, after the assassination of the duke of Buckingham, and visited Italy, where he spent some time in Venice and in Rome. He returned to his own country during the Thirty Years' war, but affairs were too unsettled for the practice of art, and he accordingly removed for a time to Amsterdam. Having, however, inherited through his first wife the estate of Stockau in Bavaria, he sold his art effects, and returned to Germany; but not to find peace, for in 1647 his lands were ravaged by the French, and his house destroyed. He then sold the estate, settled in 1649 in Nuremberg, and resumed the practice of his art, painting chiefly portraits. He was ennobled by the Emperor Ferdinand III. In 1672 he lost his rich wife, but he married again in the following year, and died at an advanced age in 1688. Sandrart is now known almost exclusively from his vast compilation—the "German Academy," or Teutsche Academie, printed on very fine paper by Sigismund Froberger at Nuremberg in 1675-79, under the title "Academia Todesca, or Teutsche Academie, der Edlen Bau-Bild-und Malerei-Künste," &c., 4 vols., folio. The portion relating to painting and artists generally, is the most valuable. A Latin translation appeared at Nuremberg in 1683, &c. With this work was published his own life—Lebenslauf Joachims von Sandrart, &c.—R. N. W.
SANDYS or SANDES, Edwin, a distinguished prelate, was born near Hawkshead, Lancashire, in 1519, and was probably educated at the school of Furness abbey. During his course of study at St. John's college, Cambridge, he was won over to the Reformation. He became master of St. Catherine's hall in 1547, and vice-chancellor in 1553. Several preferments in the church were also conferred on him—the vicarage of Haversham, and stalls in the cathedrals of Carlisle and Peterborough. Through the influence of the duke of Northumberland he espoused the cause of Lady Jane Grey, and preached a sermon in defence of her claims; so that on the overthrow of her party he was committed to the Tower, but released after a period by the interposition of the knight marshal, Sir Thomas Holcroft. Gardiner at once attempted to recommit him, but he escaped to the continent, where he wandered from place to place in great misery—himself in broken health, and his wife and only child dying at Strasburg. He returned at the accession of Elizabeth, and in 1559 was consecrated to the see of Worcester. In 1570 he was translated to the diocese of London, and in 1576 to that of York—Grindal being his predecessor in both bishoprics. Sandys was a man of great ability, but unhappily his usefulness was marred by perpetual feuds with his neighbours, both popish and protestant, and by his unceasing efforts to amass wealth. In 1582 his papal adversaries, whom he treated with great severity, headed by Sir Thomas Stapleton, plotted a charge of adultery against him; but it signally failed, and the conspirators were brought to punishment. He died at Southwell, July 10, 1588. In the preparation of the Bishops' Bible, Archbishop Sandys had charge of the books of Samuel, Kings, and Chronicles. A volume of his sermons was reprinted in 1812, with memoir by Dr. Whittaker.—J. E.
SANDYS, Sir Edwin, second son of Archbishop Sandys, was born in Worcestershire about 1561, and was educated under Hooker at Corpus Christi college, Oxford. From 1581 to 1602 he held a prebend in the church of York. In 1603 he was knighted by James I., who afterwards employed him in affairs of importance. At his death in 1629 he left to the university of Oxford £1500 for the endowment of a metaphysical lectureship. He was the author of a treatise, "Europæ Speculum, or a view or survey of the state of religion in the Western parts of the World," first published with the author's consent in 1629.
SANDYS, George, the youngest son of Archbishop Sandys, was born at Bishopsthorpe in 1577, and was only twelve years old when the year after his father's death he matriculated at St. Mary's hall, Oxford. He afterwards removed to Corpus Christi, but he does not appear to have taken any degree at the university. After travelling on the continent of Europe and in various countries of the East, he published in 1615 "A Relation of a Journey begun in 1610: four books containing a description of the Turkish empire, of Egypt, of the Holy Land, of the remote parts of Italy and islands adjoining." This book, which is written with much spirit, and displays much erudition, sagacity, and accurate observation, has enjoyed deserved popularity, and has been often reprinted. In 1632 appeared Sandy's translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses, which not only put the existing translation by Golding into the shade, but served as a model of versification to many subsequent poets. "He comes so near the sense of his author," says Langbaine, "that nothing is lost; no spirits evaporate in the decanting of it into English; and if there be any sediment it is left behind." In 1636 he published a paraphrase of the Psalms, which is said to have been a favourite book with King Charles I. when a prisoner in Carisbrook castle. In his dedication of the Ovid to that monarch, Sandys makes allusion to his attempts to serve the crown in Virginia, where he succeeded his brother as treasurer. On his return to England he was appointed a gentleman of the privy chamber. He was a man of sterling worth and gentle disposition, and his virtues have been commemorated in verse by his friend Lord Falkland. A high contemporaneous estimate of his talents has been preserved in the register of burials in the parish church of Bexley, Kent, where this entry occurs—"Georgius Sandys, poetarum Anglorum sui sæculi facile princeps, sepultus fuit Martii 7 stilo Anglice, anno Domini 1643."—R. H.
SAN GALLO, Antonio da, born at Florence about 1448,
