Adelsohn Adiabene
THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
the possibility tlmt he niijiht Imvc lu'cn a convert to C'liristianitv. Bat in the poem on a certain apostate Slarano of Venice, which the pulilislicr Soncinoadtls to his edition of Vidal ninvinistes " Melizat "Efer weDiuah " (The Poem of 'Efer anil Dinah), he calls Adelkind "Cornelius the Israelite," as does Elias Lcvita in one of the poems addressed by him to Levi b. Gerson. BiBLIoiiRAPHY: SlelnsohneidiT. Jlhl. TmxHtraithlf, in Erseh and tf ruber, EncjikhtjH'titit xxvlii. 44; idem. Cat. Bodl. No.
W. M. Daniel Adelkind:
Printer and publisher: son Little is known of Conicliiis li. I'.anuli Adelkind. of him except for the years ir).50-o2; and even for that short period the only data are to be gleaned from the mention of his name on the title-pages of books. In l.wO he was engaged with Giusliniani of Venice, whom he assisted in publishing the first edition of the Hebrew translation, by Moses iliii Tibbon, of Maimonides' iihilosophical work. ".Millot lia-lliggayon." In I-Vil and 1"m'J he seems to have had. in Venice, aprintiiig-olliee of his own for the following four books, which bear his name as printer, mention no other as editor or publisher Jacob Weil's " Bedikot." with a short glossary (Venice, 1551); Samuel Archivolti's ethical work. " Degel Ahabah " (Venice, 1551): "Megillat Sefer " (Venici', 1.552): and, linally, the German "PnTcepta JIulierum," or "Frauenbiichlein," in a short epilogue to which he begs his father to accept this "booklet " as a gift from his son (1st ed.. Venice, 1552).
BIBI.IOGIIAPIIT : Steinschnelder. Cat. S631 (3), 6513 (41), 7004 (1), 7708.
Bodl. Nos.
371.5,
w.
ADELSOHN, WOLF
3949,
ai.
Manasseh
Ilier.
While
still
young man
a
he obtained the position of teacher in the house of Lippe Ettinger in Brest-Litovsk. In 1833 he settled in Dubno. where he exercised great influence upon the rising generation of the Maskilim (" Progressists "), and where at the same time he was pei-secuted by the Hasidim for his rationalism. Later, for two years, he was a teacher in the house of
Leon Chaii in ileseritz, from which place he went to Odessa, where he had to struggle hard for subsistence. He died in extreme poverty from starvation most of his papers were burnt to disinfect his
lodgings.
Among
Adelsohn's pupils were the grammarian Hayyim Zebi Lemer and the Russian censor Vladimir Feodorov (Z. H. Griinberg). Because of his philosophic character and contempt of conventionality he was called the "Diogenes" among the Maskilim. He wrote a critical treatise on "Esther." against the views of Isaac Samuel Reggio. and essays on Hebrew literature, which, after his death, came into the hands of L. Chan and Joel Baer Falkovich. Bibliography: Gottlober, in Ha-Bakcr Or, 1879. iv. No. 4; Sachs, in Kat)fe Ymiiih. Berlin,
1S4.S'; Cliari,
in
an
on
article
KccU-'^Uistcji, Odessii, 1S7:3.
D. G.
ADEN
bookbindere, money-changers, and jewelers; while the bunilioatmen. also, who serve the mail-packets that stop at Aden, are mainly Jews. The ti-.ide in ostrich feathers is entirely in the hands of Jews. Their dress consists of kilt, shirt, (irlm' kiiuful, waistcoat, and gabardine; and duiing prayer they wear over the head a tallit known as ;«</»(/// (the Arabic word for han<lkerchief orshawll, with green silk corners, two of which are held in each hand. They use this also to carry home vegetables, etc., from market. The Jewesses wear trousers and shirt, and a sort of wig known as a »««»;•; also a veil like the Jloslem women. The Jews shave the head, except the/>c«< (side-locks), every Fri<lay. Their food is veiretables and lish; but they are .said to be much addicted to date wine i)repared by themselves. There ajipcars to be some trace of animal sacrifice among them, possibly borrowed from the neighboring Arabs. When a child is born, a goat is slaughtered and placed under the bed of the mother. On the tirst day of marriage a heifer Ls slaughtered but in this latterca.se it niay be rather for purposes of
hospitality.
not known when Jews first settled in Aden, in antiiiuity was an important mart, and continued so as late as JIarco Polo (12.5-1-1324). Some of the earlier rabbis arc known as "Adeni," which It is
which
would imply a congregation of some size Aden has become important since the British occupation in 1839, at which date the Jews numbere<l but 250. BlBLiOGRAPnv: Hunter,
Stntintirnl Acroutit nf the liritinh iif Adrii, pp. :i(i. 4.j. 47, .t2, London, 1877: Itaint^ in the Prejikicticy of Jftimlxtjt, IS-SI, 11. 0; I'liiv. Inr, I'.KKi. pp. 498 ft w</., .'135: .sapliir, t:i)cn .S'ni/ir, part II. cli. xl.; Aituh>-Jeu^:*hA!<sociatioit, An)ntal Ucintrtti, 1S75, ISTti.
Sflthnuitt JVr.v|/(^•*
J.
Russian-Hebrev scholar and ti'acher; bora in Lithuania about the beginning of the nineteenth century; die«; Jcic. Quart. Hex: 18n8-99. xi. 339; Polak. Pent.-<h nrrtinoni, Amsterdam, 1856; Kaufmann, In .V"»o(.«r)iritt, isiis, p. 40.
57;
II.
Azulal,
letter Dn/if/(. No. 7:
Jew. airim.
I.
IX;
L. G.
ADEBSBACH, 1823. first
He belonged
G. A.: (German poet; died
in to the generation that, in the
quarter of the nineteenth century, took an
