Adler, David Barucb Adler, Hermann
THE
ADLER, DAVID BABUCH niul
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In IMt! lu- hccanic tlicrc Dfcembir 4. 1'<7m. a partner in a eoinmissimi lionse (.Martin Levin iV liiid
Adler) in Loiulmi. where,
married
in IS-49, lie
.leniiy
In Hapliael. dauirliter of the danker. .Inhn Kapliael. 1S.")(I he returned In Copenlia.iren and lieianie a partncr in the banking; house nf I). B. Adler iV I'onipany. in which iiosilimi liisopenitions were directed toward the tnuisfer of the linan<ial centerof Jutland's moneThi.s tary atTairs from llamburij; to Copcnluifren. circumstance placed him in a very dilticull position hi acknowledgdurinir the tinancial crisis of ISoT. ment of the support iriveii him diiriiij; this |)eriod of tinancial stress he established, in ISW. u fuiul of 2d,nOO kroner for widows and daughters of impoverished merchants. He wasan outspoken frce-tmder and was one of the founders of the FreeTrade Society. Adler was a menilier of the administration of the Copenhagen Privatliarik.lHoT of the llandelsbanken, ISTG. and of several tinancial inslitulionsin.Iutland. After the war of IS(!-f he contracti'd for the Danish public loan through KajdiaeLV: Son in London. and. in IstiH, for a Swedish |iublic loan. As a politician. Adler lielonged to the left wing of the National Liberal party, and occupied an inlluential position. As a member of the Danish jiarliament he had a seat in the Folketliing. 18()-t-()i). serving on the finance comFrom istii) he mittee, on one occasion, as president. was member of the Landsthing. Among other ptiblic ottices. he held the position of town councilor in Copenhagen. lS5H-(i4 and 1869-72; was member of the Chamber of Commerce {GroKnerer-Societetet). of which he was one of the founders, 1875-78; member of the JIaritime and Commercial Court. 18C2-78.and member of the Board of Kepreseutatives of the Jew;
ish
congregation in Copenhagen.
Adler's great interest in Danish art and industry made him a very active member of the committee for the decoration of the National Theater in Copenhagen and of that for Denmark's participation in the Paris Expo.sition. 1878. His activity in the administration of the charity organization of Copenhagen was also of great importance. Bibliooraphy Hrickn. Danxh nii^raiisk Lcxihotv, s.v.; /!:
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ADLER, ELKAN NATHAN collector of
,
-.
Lawyer, and at London,
His early 1861; son of Chief Rabbi Nathan Adler. training was obtained successively in the City of London School and at University College. London. Mr. Adler spent several years in travel throughout the East, visiting all the countries containing small Jewish colonies.' From 1888 to 1898 he made three journeys specially to Egypt and Palestine, In 1892 and 1894 he traveled from Spain to itorocco, and in the latter part of 1^94 and at the beginning of 189.") visited Algiers and Tunis. During these journeys he made it a practise to seek Hebiew manuscripts, and in this way accumulated one of the largest priAmong the positions vate collections in the world. held li.v Mr. Adler was that of honorary secretary of the Jewish Association for the Dilfusion of Religious Knowledge, He was vice-president of the International Conference on the Russo-Jewish question at Berlin, 1891, He is joint secretary of the Jewish Convalescent Home, a member of the committee of the Stepney Jewish schools and Chovevi Zion As-sociation, and superintendent of Sabbath-classes. Articles on the Egyptian and Persian Jews have been contributed by him to the " Jewi.sh Quarterly Review " and other journals. Bibliography Jacobs, Jewisli Year Bools, 1899. G, L.
194
ADLER, FELIX
Founder of the Society for and author; ,second son of Rabbi Samuel Adler; was born at Al/.ey, Germany. -Vug. i;i, IN,"")!. In l,S,-)7, when his father received a call to the ministry of Temple Eiiianu-El at New York, the family came to that city, .Vdler's |ircliminary education was obtained in public and
Etliiial t'uliuie, educator,
jirivate schools in New Y'ork city. He afterward entered Columbia College, whence he was graduated in 1870, With the view of preparing himself for the Jewish ministry, he went to Germany, where he pursued theological, philosophical, and linguistic studies at the Iloclisehule fUr die AVis.si'nschaft des Judenthums at Berlin, together with studies in ]ihilosoi>hy and economies at the University, He later entered the University of Heidelberg, where he obtained the degree of doctor of i)hilosoi)hv in 1873. Finding upon his return to ew Y'ork that the attitude he had reached with re,L'ard to Jewish religious beliefs made it impossible for him to enter the active ministry, he accepted the chair of Hebrew and Oriental literature estiiblished for him by .some of his friends at Cornell University, and held this position from 1874 to 1876. In the latter year he returned to New York and organized a society for ethical culture ba.scd upon the ]irinciple of the promotion of riirht living independent of religious, dogmatic, or sectarian views(see Etiikai, Cvi.tvre, SociiiTY KoiO, As a lecturer in connection with the Society for Ethical Culture Adler lias shown great activity, and has made a mark on religious thought in the United States. As a corollary to this work, and as an outgrowth of his own stiuiies in pedagogics and didactics and social science. Dr. Adler has been instrumental in organizing in New York a sy.stem of district nursing in connection with the dispensaries (1878), a free kindergarten (l.'^8()), a workingmen's school, a movement for improving the dwellings of the poor, and a number of other institutions and movements. He has e.xerted great inHuenee toward the introduction of manual training, science, and art teaching in the
jiublic schools. His chief literary works are"
Creed and Deed"(New
Instruction of Children " the articles on .lews, Jewish History, and Jewish Literature in Johnson's Universal Cyclopedia " of 1876, G. H.
York, 1877) and
(New
Hebrew manuscripts; born
ENCYCLOPEDIA
"
The Moral
He wrote
Y'ork, 1S98).
••
GEORGE
ADLER, German economist and author; born at J'o.scii, .May 28, 1863. His thesis for the doctor's degree (1883) was on Rodliertus-Jagetzow, the well-known Prussian state socialist. He is a remarkably prolific writer on economic and sociological ijucstions, publishing many treatises, and contributing numerous articles to German reviews. He lectured as extraordinary profes.sor on sociology in the University of Basel, Switzerland, and later became professor of political economy in the University of Freiburg, Germany. Adlerhasadvocated a moderate social ])olicy and bitterly opposed revolutionary Of his books may Ix! mentioned: "Karl socialism. Mar.x'sche Kritik " (1886) " Internationaler Arbeitersehutz "(18.88); "Social Reformund Theater" (1891);
"Staiit uud .Vrbeitslosigkeit " (1894); "Die Impcrialistisehe Social politik" (1897); "Die Socialrcform im Alterthum " (1898) " Ge-scliichte des Socialismus und Conmiunismus," i, (1900), In the last two works he dealt also with the social ideas of the ancient
Hebrews, BIBLIOGRAPUV
Kurseliner, LHcratur-Kalcyidcr, 1898.
M, B,
