Agrlsentum AKrippa H.
THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
oars which arc then collected aiidngain thriiwn upon the threshiiij; llixir. Various immes for storehouses or hariis arc jrivcii
His descent and posterity are shown in the following table
SkKTCII PiCDKiltKE OF THE HeIIODI.NS.
aiuim, FK'Ut. xxviii, 8. I'rov. iii. 10; imimiiiegiirot, Joel, i. 17: vunuriiii. Ps. cxli'v 1:5; migkenot, Ex. i. 11: I Kings, ix. li); in nitibinical writings also oznr. rinrni. iiuijitrnh. and ii/kiIiH. X. T.
maabuH, Jer.
1.
2(i;
denoting nmga/iues or gninaries. (Jmin was sometimes stored in the lield (Jer. xli. H. Maksli. i. 6), prohablj- in caves or cisterns, as is still the practise; in such receptacles it will remain good for all
aTTofiiiKT/,
Anlipater: d. I
B.C.
411
I'Kolino. Cnmmfulariu. di- Iti liiixlien VrleIn liLs Tlnmunix AnlUmiliiliiiii Siicninoii. ITtyi. x.lx. 1-.")1S; stadc. Ilexcli.d. Viilhis /.vrircl, 1. 7; Niiwarli. Lclnimch ili r llrlirtliscln tl Anliilnliiuit, ».v. Achcrlmu; Benzlnifi'r, Hilm'linchi- Arch. I. IJ, IWM, pp. ai)7-2i:t; TtKmison, Thr LiDiilitinl On- liimk (popular cd., IsSD.imdiT ..UoHHfi-N <i)i<( CuKtnm.. (in }hirvist, Irriudtiim. I'laiiliini, Achirliau iim/ Pliiwiinr. Xeit. iHiilxch. I'alilnt. Ver. Ix. Vichzuiht ; Qiiaiirrlii Slnleiiunt.in/ the Pal. KxiAitr. Fund Lnndiritisihafi in /'(iMx(see indexes): H. VdgeLsteln, tina zur Zcit d(r Hinhnah. Berlin, IHW; Adler and Casanoviz, BOilkal Anliimiticn., p. 1U05.
BiBLlocRAPIiY:
nan HthKnmtm.
Wf
F.
AGKIGENTTJM
(
DK
S.
M.
'03'ns. t2J"-lK Bodl." col. 1.5;i2; Luz-
'OJ'J-iN
.
see Steinschneider. "Cat. zatto, "Hebr. Bibl." 1S62, pp. 22, 46; now Girgenti); town on the south coast of Sicily was the seat of a large .Jewish congregation as early as the time of Pope Gregory the Great (.590-601)." There is no information of the origin and age of this settlement and of its further history, and only the most meager details arc available. Its internal manage-
A
" Revue des fetudesjuives," xiii. I. Loeb, in 187 et seq., xiv. 262 cl strj.) and its relations with the non-Jewish population, as well as the .social standing and moth' of livelihood of its members. Avere no doubt identical with those prevailing all over Sicily. In the tiflecnth century this congrc gation was still ri'ckoned one of the most im])ortant in the island (Ziinz. "Zur Geschichte," p. 4!).j. and GVidemann, " Erziehuugswesen," ii. 290). At that time it seems to have had an active intellectual The names and writings of several authors, life. whose chosen field was the Cabala, liave come down to us. David of Agrigentum wrote a mystical com-
ment (see
mentary upon a special prayer ("Codex Oxford," and we have from Joscjih ibn Shraga an extensive cabalistic commentary on passages from the Bible, Talmud, and Zohar, and on certain jiravers ("Codex Bodl." 1663, 3. 4, 1666, 2221, 7, and "Codex British Museum," addition 27.014: compare Luzzatto). Ibn Shraga certainly, and Daviil probWith the year ably, had emignited from Spain. 1492, in which all .lews were banished from the island, the history of this congregation came loan 696, 8);
end. Bibliography: Giovanni
di Giovanni, L'EhrcMnn dclla SiI>alernio. 174M: Zunz. Z.Cl. pp. 4.S.-., 4!m96. rM: literary note.s in (iiideniann. (iisfliU-hte ilrx Krzichunfisjnsriis u.ilirCulturdirJnden in Italicn wdhrcml
cilm.
fiirther
den MilleUdlrrx.pp. ais-ae;. ;i:i7-:Mi, Vienna, IKM: Picime, Memorie Slorirlie Agrigcnlini.iiirgenlU Isiii; Kav^erlini.'. Gcsch. d. Judcn in Part. p. 70.
M. Bn.
AGRIPPA as
I.
(M.
JULIUS AGRIPPA,
Herod Agrippa
I.):
King of Judi
a.
also
born
about the year 10 li.c. ("Ant." xiv. 9, i; 2); assassinated in 44. His career, with its abundant and ex treme vicissitudes: illustrates in a remarkable man ner the complete dependence of the royal family of Judca, even for the means of subsistence, upon the favor of the Roman emperors of the first century.
B.C.
1
Salome
ttie Great d. 4 B.C. Marlainne: d. 2!) B.C.
ni.
n.c: bar:
I
'
Salainpslo
m.
(ilapliyru
Agrippa
Atrrlppa
I
AGRIPPA
d.
d. 10
fosio'£t ii.c.
I
Arlslobulus: lu. Ben-nice
|
Berenice
I
Cyprus ni.
in.
i
Alexander:
PhiL'iael; ni.
I
For a description of the various adverse influences to which the growing crops used to he exposed see DiioitiiiT, E.sr ViM), LocrsTs, JIii^dkw.
4;i
i
Hemd
Ptiaiiael
d.
years.
known
270
in.
1.
i
II.
I.
Typros
Dnisus
i
Berenice
i
Mariamne
I
DnisUla
When six years of age lie was si'Ut to Rome for his education, and there enjoyed the companionship of The exthe gifted Drusus Ca>sar, "son of Tiberius. travagance of court life accustomed him to splendor and luxury, and his prospects, which were brilliant, were the means of furnishing him with ancverfailing supply of money, of which he availed himself But his circumstances in the style of a spendihrift. were changed in the year 23, when his friend and patron. Drusus, died suddenly, Fnmi that hour the emperor declined to receive the high s))iriled young man, and very soon his boon companions also forsook Agrippa. Destitute of all resources, he meditated suiciilc:but at thereiiuest of his wife. Cypros, his sister llerodias, who had been since about the year 2.5 the wife of the tctrarch Herod Aniipas, took pity on Agrippa and secured for him the appointment of market overseer in her new capital, Tiberias. But even this new fortune did not last; his brother-in-law took every opportunity to make Agrippa feel his dependent position. This Agrip]>a found too much to endure. He reEarly signed his post, and, after many adCareer, ventures, returned to Rome in 36. Here, once again, he succeeded in overcoming ill fortune by securing the patronage of the heir apparent, Caligula. AVitli this return to prosperity his extravagant ideas resumed sway over him and brought him to want. Deeming himself free from listeners, he was one day thoughtless enough openly to wish for the time when Caligula would ascend the throne of the C.Tsjirs. AVhen tliis rciuiirk was carrie<l to the aged Tilicrius. he had him loaded with chains and cast into prison. He sufTercd here for six months in constant terror of death, until Caligula, having become emperor, freed him with his own hands, and appointed him to the tetrarchy of his uncle Philip, and to that of Lysanias, giving him the title of king. To thes<' honors the senate addeil the rights and title of pretor.
This wonderful change in his fortune excited the undisguised envy of his sister llerodias, and led her to urge her incapable husband to secure for himself at least equal rank and titles from the emperor. But Agrippa defeated her purpose. Her petition to the emperor was forestalled by a message from Agrippa. containing half-veiled intimations that his brother in-law was nieilitating treason and independence. This was sutlicient to destroy Herod Antipas. Land and throne were taken from him, and the districts of Galilee and the south of Perea, administered by him, were transferred to the charge of Agrippa (39). The king soon found opportunity to gain the gratitude and good wishes of his coreligionists, if'aligula. whose extravagant desires and cruelty savored of insanity, conceived the idea of ordering that
