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he statues he set up in all temples and receive divine honors. The Jews alone dared to offer resistance to this decree. They induced the Syrian governor, Petronius, to postpone this desceration of the sanctuary for a long time, and he at last determined to inform the emperor that the execution of his order would be impossible without terrible massacres. Agrippa happened to be in Rome at that time, and had succeeded in getting from Caligula a repeal of his odious edict (Philo, "Legatio ad Caium," 30-43)Agrippa and Caligula. But when Petronius' report arrived that the Jews would rather suffer death than permit the erection of the imperial statues in their Temple, the emperor canceled his repeal, and ordered the forcible execution of his command. Fortunately, the tidings that the imbecile tyrant had been murdered by his body-guard arrived before his instructions to put his commands into effect (41). His successor, Claudius, showed himself grateful to Agrippa for important services rendered him, and upon his accession, placed under his rule the remainder of Palestine, the territories of Samaria, Judea, and Idumæa, formerly governed by Archelaus. Loaded with honors and titles, Agrippa returned home, and the few remaining years of his benevolent sway afforded the people a brief period of peace and prosperity. The evil consequences of a ruler's unbridled passions and tyranny had been sufficiently evident to him in Rome, and they had taught him moderation and strict self-control. His people regarded him with love and devotion, because he healed with tender hand the deep wounds inflicted upon the national susceptibilities by brutal Roman governors. He ruled his subjects with compassion and friendliness. Like the ancestral Asmoneans from whom he sprang through his noble grandmother Mariamne, he honored the Law. Like the merest commoner, he carried his basket of first-fruits to the Temple; with the people he celebrated appropriately the Feast of Tabernacles, and he devoted to the sanctuary a golden chain with

which Caligula had honored him. On one occasion, while in the street, he met a bridal procession which drew up to let him pass, but he halted and bade it take precedence. He sought to lighten taxation, remitting the impost on houses in Jerusalem. On the coins minted by him he carefully avoided placing any symbols which could offend the people's religious sentiment. Thus, prosperity and comfort seemed to be dawning anew for the Jews.

The Romans, however, became jealous of this rising prosperity, and–sometimes covertly, sometimes openly–laid all number of obstacles in his way. When he began to repair the fortifications of the

capital, he was abruptly bidden to cease. His attempts to fraternize with neighboring peoples–vassals of Rome–were considered as portending rebellion. His assassination at the games in Caesarea, 44. must be considered as a stroke of Roman politics. His death, while in the full vigor of his years, was deeply lamented by his people, notwithstanding the fact that he had made many considerable concessions

to heathen manners and customs. The Christians looked upon his death as a judgment for his undisguised hostility to their young community (Acts, xii.).

Bibliography: Josephus, Ant. xviii. 6, xix. 5-9; B. J. ii., ix., xi. et seq.; Philo, in Contra Flaccum, 55, 56; Acts, xii. For Talmudical references, see Derenbourg, Essai sur l'Histoire et la Géographie de la Palestine, pp. 209-219; N. S. Libowitz, Herod and Agrippa, 2d ed., New York, 1898. Coins, in Madden's Coins of the Jews, 1881, pp. 129-139; Inscriptions, in Zeit. f. Wissenschaftliche Theologie, 1873, pp. 248-255; Grätz, Gesch. d. Juden, iii. 318-361; Keim, in Schenkel's Bibel-Lexicon, iii. 49-56; Schürer, Gesch. i. 459-471; Haussleiter, in Herzog and Hauck, Realencyklopädie, i. 255 et seq.; Dessau, Prosopographia Imperii Romani, ed. R. Dessau, ii. 162; Reinach, in Rev. Ét. Juives, xxxi. 161 et seq., xxxii. 160, xxxiv. 196

AGRIPPA II. (or in full MARCUS JULIUS AGRIPPA; known also as Herod Agrippa II.): Son of Agrippa I. He was born in the year 28, and, according to a statement that is not, uncontradicted (Photius. "Bibliotheca," cod. 33), it is said that he died in the year 100. He was educated in Rome, where he saw much of the court life that had been so harmful to his father. It proved just as detrimental to him, for he reached maturity just at the time that Messalina and Agrippina dared to flaunt the most fearful displays of profligacy in public. On the sudden death of his father, the emperor Claudius desired him to enter into the full inheritance of all his rights and titles, but upon the advice of court favorites he refrained from doing so. Once again Judea was handed over to the care of procurators, and for the time being the young man was detained at court. Here he had the opportunity of being helpful to his coreligionists from time to time (Josephus. "Ant." xv. II. 4: xx. I. 2) and of acquiring proficiency in all the arts of courtly flattery.

On the death of Herod II., Agrippa succeeded in having the former's post promised him. In the year 59,Succeeds Herod II. without regard to the rights of the heir to the throne, he had himself appointed ("B. J." ii. 12. 1; "Ant." xx. 5, 2; 9. 7) to the principality of Chaleis by the emperor, and also to the supervisorship of the Temple at Jerusalem, which carried with it the right of nominating the high priest. Within three years–possibly before he left Rome to assume the dignity of his office–the emperor presented him with larger territory in exchange for Chaleis, giving him the tetrarchy of his great uncle Philip–over which Agrippa's father had also ruled–together with that of Lysanias (Abilene), and the district of Varus(". t,""xx. T. S; 1 "11. J."ii IS. S >*» Nero, when he became emperor, added to this territory, giving him considerable tracts ofGalilee and Perea