Page:Jewish Encyclopedia Volume 1.pdf/33

SYSTEMS OF TRANSLITERATION AND OF CITATION OF PROPER NAMES^[1]

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A.—Rules for the Transliteration of Hebrew and Aramaic.

• 1. All important names which occur in the Bible are cited as found in the authorized King James version; e.g., Moses, not Mosheh; Isaac, not Yiẓḥaḳ; Saul, not Sha’ul or Shaül; Solomon, not Shelomoh, etc.
• 2. Names that have gained currency in English books on Jewish subjects, or that have become familiar tEnglish readers, are always retained and cross-references given, though the topic be treated under the form transliterated according to the system tabulated below.
• 3. Hebrew subject-headings are transcribed according to the scheme of transliteration; cross-references are made as in the case of personal names.
• 4. The following system of transliteration has been used for Hebrew and Aramaic:

א Not noted at the beginning or end of a word; otherwise ’ or by dieresis; e.g., Me’ir or Meïr.
ב b	ז z	ש l	פּ with dagesh, p	שׁ sh
נ g	ח ḥ		פ without dagesh, f	שׂ s

Note: The presence of dagesh lene is not noted except in the case of pe. Dagesh forte is indicated by doubling the letter.

• 5. The vowels have been transcribed as follows:

Ḳameẓ ḥaṭuf is represented by o.

The so-called "Continental" pronunciation of the English vowels is implied.

• 6. The Hebrew article is transcribed as ha, followed by a hyphen, without doubling the following letter. [Not hak-Kohen or hak-Cohen, nor Rosh ha-shshanah.]

B.—Rules for the Transliteration of Arabic.

• 1. All arabic names and words except such as have become familiar to English readers in another form, as Mohammed, Koran, mosque, are transliterated according to the following system:

• 2. Only the three vowels — a, i, u — are represented:

No account has been taken of the imālah; i has not been written e, nor u written o.

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1. In all matters of orthography the spelling preferred by the Standard Dictionary has been followed.