THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
373
ordinary to Kinp Alfonso. At about the same lime (ll'ji)) tlicro lived in Toledo the physician Jiisepli Allakar, "the learned saj^e, the great tiasi and physician," wlio was instrumental in supprcssinir the Karaites in Spain (" Hev, fit. .luivos," xviii. O','; "Jew. Quart. Hev." xi. ;j<»0). He was the father of Judah Alfakar and, ])rol)ably, al.so of Abraham Alfakar. These two were considered the most celehraled of llieir line. Abraham Alfakar : A highly lionored member of the court of Alfonso VIII. of Clislile; died in January, li31 or -i:Vi), in Toledo. He was a master of Arabic, and a versatile poet. He wrote a eulogy (see Makkari, " Analectes snr I'llistoire des Arabes d'Espagne," ii. 3.J.5; >I. Ilarlniann. "Das ArabLsche Strophcngedicht," lS!)(i. p. 4I>) on his royal master, who honored him with a mission to Abu Yakub Aliiiustanzir, sullan of Morocco.
name Aljihandery still exists in Paris and Avignon. At the latter place there was a physician, Moses Alphandery, in 1500 ("Kev. £t. j"uives," xxxiv. •i.i^i) and a Lyon Alphandcric, in l.'j.'iH (il/id. of the
ill
Not 123.J).
less distinguislieil
who issaid
to
King Ferdinand
to
was Judah Alfakar
have been physiiian
Endowed with a
III.
vii.
—
Aaron ben Moses Alfandari
kiiiiintei-
own
friends.
IliiiLiociini'iiv: Zimz, '/.. CI. p. 428; A. fielRcr, DimJudenlhum mill Si iiii (icyrliiihli:. III. tii et kci;. ; OfJir Nihinitil, II. 17-' <;rillz, r;i»(/i. <;. Jmlin, vll, itj ct «c(j.; Steliuclibelilfr, iii^r.
Uilil.xla. 41.
M. K.
ALFALAS, MOSES.
ALFANDARI
See
Ai.i'.i..s,
family
.V
r)f
Moses. rabbis
eastern
and eighteenth ceiituriis, fdund in Smyrna, Constantinople, and Jerusalem. The name may be ilerived from a Spanish )>l'i>niini'nl
locality,
a
list
the
ii]
sevi'Uteenth
perhaps from .Mlanibni.
of the ihief
members
The following
is
Talmudic
-writer
(
to Toledo for this jiurpose, but falling ill on the road, Iviml.ii addressed a letter to Alfakar, which began
his
born in Smyrna about 17(10; died in Hebron in 1774. He emigrated to Palestine in his old age, where he met Aziilai. He was the author of two works: "Yad Aharon " (Aaron's Hand), a collection of notes on " Jur Oral.i Hayyim " (the first part of which was published in Smyrna in 17;i.1. and the second in Salonica in 1701) and on"Tur Eben ha 'Ezer" (Smyrna, 1 7oO-G()) also of " Mirkebet liaMishneb " The Second Chariot a treatise on the first part of Maimonides' " Yad ha-IIazakali." His grandson, Isimc Ardit, wrote a eulogy on him iu his " Yekar ha-'Erek," Sa-
in
cept his errors would be sinful. The harsh manner ill which Alfakar treated the universally respected Kimhi aroused the outspoken disapproval even of
name, see Steinschneider, "Jew.
A
(died
with the following words: "O Judah, thy brethren offer thee homage from afar; thou art adorned with wisdom, greatness, and modesty." But Judah, who was tilled with Castilian intolerance, repelled his advances. A second letter from Kiml.ii brought from Judah a most emphatic answer, in which he unsparingly condemned the attempt of M.iimonides to reconcile the Greek or Aristotelian i)liilo,>iopliy with Juilaisni, and .set up a canon which several centuries later was approved by Spinoza. lie reproached Jlaimonides Willi iH-nnitting himself tobe influenced by mere pliiloso|)bical hypotheses. lie admitted that Maimonides was a great man, and entitled to much respect for the good he had done; but contended that he was only a human lieiiig. and that blindly to ac-
"|'nniEi)K
Quart. Kev." xi. ngi. In addition to the persons mentioned below, there is known a Solomon Alfandari (Valencia, 1367), whose son Jacob assisted Samuel Zarza in translating the "Sefer ha-'Azamim" of pseiido-ibn Ezra from the Arabic into Hebrew. merchant. Isaac Alfandari, was wrecked in 1529 on the Nubian coast (Zunz, "Z. G." p. 425; Stein.Schneider, "IIel)r. I'ebers." p. -148). D. G.
scienlilic education, Toledo. In the controversy concerning the writings of ^laimonides, he took sides with the opponents of the philosopher. The aged David Kinihi altempled to win him over to (lie |iarty of Jlaimunidcs. and uiiilertook a.^ourney
and exercised great inllucnce
Compare the names Moses
1.
e.|danatioii of the
an excellent
lect, lie accjuired
28(1
(Xeubaucr, "Cat. Bodl. Hebr. MSS." Xo. 2129) and Aaron i3^^{^J^^K (I'lnd. Xo. lOSQ). For a possible
onlinary
in
Alexandrium Alfandari
I,
lonica, 183(). Azulal, Shem Ita-GeiloUm, s.v. Michael, Or No. 302; Zedner, Cat. lldir. Iioo}i« Brit. ^Tim.
BinLionRAPiiT
lui-lliiiiiiiiii.
IP. 4(1.
Elijah Alfandari rabliiat
Writer on matrimonial law;
d instant iiioplc in the latter half of the eight-
eenth and
the beginning of the nineteenth century. He luiblislied I wo workson matrimonial law, "Seder Eliyahu I{iibbali we-Zulta " (The Great and Small Order of Elijah). Constantinople, 171!1, and"Miktjib me-Eliyaliu "(A Letter from Eli.iah), Conslantiiiople, 1723. His cousin. Hayyim Alfandari, the Younger, in a question of law which he siibmitled to him, in
him as a great authority ("Muzzal nie-Esh," p. 39). refers to
Bibliorr.(piiy: Azulal, Cat. UiKll. col. l»s,
Sayyim ben
law
in rabbinical
Shem ha-OedMm, s. v.: Slelnscbnelder,
Isaac Raphael Alfandari the
Tounger Habbi
in Constanlinoplediiring the latter half of the seventeenth and in the beginning of the eighteenth century. In his old age he went to Palestine, where he died. He was tile author of " Esh Dat" (A Fiery I.aw), a collection of liomiliesprintetl togelher with his uncle's "Muzzal me-Esli " in Consttiiitinople, 171H. Several short treatist's by him are published in the worksof others. Aziilai .speaks very highly of him as a scholar and as a preacher.
of the family;
BlBUOnRAniv:
MIclini'l. Orfi(i-/r(iui/lni,
dcr, r<i(. HikII.
Ja(*ol)
ixiI.
No. 854; Stcliisohiicl-
SSI.
I
l.luyylm, milluir "f " MukrIiI ino-ltwilill," dliHl ntiout
IWO
5ayyin» ben Jacob Alfandari the Elder: miidie leaelurand w ritir;
Jacob, nullicir »r " Miizuil nie-Eab,' illc<l
ntwut
lllllll
iMinr liaplmi-l, dliHl nb<iiit liniu
I
Elijah, rubbl In Cunntanllnople
I
llavviin, uiilhtir nf '•
K»}
Dnt
"
I
Aartin
tteii
cllfil
MdW's.
|;T4
MinibiTs of this family are to be found to-day in Constantinople and iu lieiriit. A Portuguese family
linriiiii
I5sM'
at Coiislantinopli' in
I
died in
was
ItitO.
ltll^<;
Tal
leticher
He was
the
ben .loscph Sasoii. Some of his responsa were published ii. Ilie"Maggid ineHeshit " He Tells from tin' llegiiining), Constniitinople, 1711), which eoiitaiiis aN<i the responsa of his son Isaac Kapliael, and which wasedileil by his gnuxisoii Hayyim bell Isaac Kaphacl. Hisnovellie on s<'venil Till inudic Iri'atises are still extant in muniiscript. pujiil of .Varon
(
Dini.IoiiKAI'IIY fi(i-/.r(i|/i/fm.
Axiilnl, .</icin hii-dVidilfni,
No. US): iiu-liuclincldcr.
i
'al.
n. r.
MIrhnH, Or
U-kII. No.
4«lii!<.
