"
Antifronus Autl-Juif
Till-:
In (Yer. Ilor. iii. 4f<<n Imvc romc down from Iiim. the tirst iiiciiliiiiu-il |>!iss.iirr lie thus illiistnilts the vei-selEx. xiii. il): "And the Lord wrnl Ixforc iIkmii by dny in u pillar of ii cloud, to lend tlicin liy tinway." etc.. by a simile: "A kin>; Imd held court till"(larkncss set in. his sons all the while attendini: him. On liavinjr tin' tribunal, the kini.' look up a ton-hand liirhted the way for his .sons; whennpon will take up the lor(-li the court ierssjiid to him. and (-airy the lijrht befivrc thy sons '; but the kiiit^ It is not because 1 have none to do it in re]died. mv slead. but I wish to manifest my affection for my sous, that ye may honor them accordiufrly.' Tims did the Holy One. blessed be lie. make known llis love for the people of Israel that the world miirht learn to treat them with honor. Hut.alasI not only does the woild not do so. but it decrei-s u|ion them one mode of death after the other, laeli one severer than the last. Mekilta in lioth instanc-es gives" Antoninus" as the author, and so does Valk.. Ex. 2'2S. 'ilJO. in whi(-h. throusih a transposition of words. Habbi is inti-oduced as telling something about Emperor Antoninus. " Yuha.sin " (ed. Fillpowski. i>. ILj) has the same version; but lleilpriu ("Scdi-r lia-Dorot." x.r.) has "Antigonos"; in Yer. Hor. I.e., H. Joshuali b. Levi reports in Antigonus' '
We
'
name. BiBi.iofiR.4PiiT
Weis-s, Meltllta,
'Erch MUHii, under
Rupuiiiirt.
I.e.:
Hiii-licr.
-ly.
Tun.
ANTIGONUS, Son 18")
i'..i..
died
son. and. though dier during his
ond
of
1(K!.
it. .V)l
.liifniiiiiK.i.
S.
about
628
.IKWISII KN( VCI.ol'KDI.V
M.
John Hyrcanus Born He was Hyicanus' sec:
young, proved an able
sol-
complied, and upon Ins entry to the royal castle, at the Ki-ast of Tabernaeles. al)oul 104. was slain by the guard. An avenging Nemesis si-emed. howevi-r. to exact atonement for his death, for when a sirvant spilt some blood from the v<'insof the kinif upon the very spot whei-e AnliiToniis had been slain, tlii' king saw the linger of (ioil in the coincidence, and grieved himself to death over his brother's imlortunate fate. See also Jci).s TIIK Essknk. BlRMOiiKAiMiY
.liiM'pluis.
.1 ii(.
xlll.
i; see also the histories of Euuld.
1(1.
88 3.
(iriitz,
- ) ;
und
Idem. n. J.
G.
L.
ANTIGONUS MATTATHIAS
I.
Sehiircr.
(with the lb-brew name n'nno) The last Hasmonean king of r. .Iu(li'.-i, died ;1T lie was the second son of Aristol)ulus II.. and logelherwith his father was (-arried Hotli espiisoner to Kome by Pomp( y in (>3 u.<
1-.
.
and
.fter .VrisreturiK-d to I'alistine. tobidus' unsuccessful attempt to oppose the lioman forces there, the senate considered the king so little to be feared that it decreed his liberty Antigonus. however, was not .so ready to surrender ancestral rights. AVliile his older brothir .lexauder was planning to secure them he remidni-d (piiet, but on .Vlean<ler's death .Vntigonus considered himself exi-lusive heir of tlx- llasmonian dynasty, and rightly judging his tmi-le llyrcaiuis to be but a C!i|)e(l in 'u.
))UI>pet in the hands of till' Idumean Antipatir. he He tirst atset to work zealously to assert himst-lf. tempted to attain his ends with the help anil (-onseiit of the Koinans; in ])ursuance of this i)laii hi- visited JuliusCa'Siir. who was in Syria in 4T.aud complained
of the presumptuous usuri)ation of Antipater and lly
nanus. his
He own
fatherslil'etiiue.
ui-g(-d
In
eoujunctiou with his brother Aristobulus. he
supirior rights as the only re-
besieged and captured Sa-
Arist obu
maining son of
Hut
in
1
u.s.
spite of
maria abotit 109
the fact that
iSotah. ;Wi'; Jo-
both
.seplius. xiii.
"
10.
beating off success f u 1 y t li e 1
the Copper Coins of King Antigonus. (mut M.jdm, "coin. of th« j.*!.")
Syrian Antiochus of Cy/.icus and the Egyptian Callimander, general of Ptolemy Lathy riis. both of whom attempted to relieve the city. Vh(-ii Aristobulus bci-nme kingabout HI."), (hough he
impri.soued his otlu-r brothers, he not only left Antigliberty, in appreciation of his merits, but even treated him asa sort of a.ssociatc in the govern-
onus at
ment. This favor shown by Aristobulus awakened the jealousy of a court cabal, at the head of whif-h Queen Alexandra (Salome)is siiid to have stood, and -which succeeded tinally in having Antigonus slain at the king's command. "The details of his death as given probalily legendary, but histori(-ally certain is the fat-t that he owed his <Ieatli to a (-ourt intrigue. .losephus' account nuis that Aristobidus. who loved his brother warmly, was made suspicious of him by calumnious representations on the jiart of the (pieen and other enemies, who maintained that lie was aiming at the ci-own. The king issued (-ommands to his body-guard to cut Antigonus down should he ever ap|iear before him in armor, and at the same time sent wor<l to his brother to come to him immediately, but without armor. Antigonus' enemies prevailed on the me-ssenger to inform him that the king hail heard of his new armor and weapons. and desired to see him with them. Antigonus readily l)y .Iose])hus are
his
fiither
anil bnither had sulTen-il death in
Ant. S 2).
(-a
use of
C*sar. the latter
rejected .Vntigonus' clai ms, possibly suspecting the sincerity of his pi-ofes.sed friendliness toward Home. Hefused by the Homans, he turned to theiroppon(-iits. llistirst Defies attempt, in 4'i. to seize the government of Palestine by fon-e with the assistance Rome. of his brother-in-law, Ptolemy Mennei (sec .LEXAXDii. [S.m.ome] ).was defeated by Henxl. but in the course of two years he succeeded in atThi' state of affairs in .ludea, as taining his object. well as general conditions ]>revailing Ihrotighout Tlic exthe Uoman empire, was most ]iropitious. cessive taxation wrung from the peoi)le to jiay for the extravagances of Antony and Cleop.-itra had awakened sodeei>-seateda hatred against Home that Antigonus had only to show himself to the people to win their allegi'uice away fi"om Herod aii<l other He gained the adcreatures of the Honian power. herence also of the aristocratic class in .lerusidein. su(-h as the " Bene liaba." and prob.dily also assured himself of the lieaily cooperation (if the h-ailers of the .Moreover, the Parthians invaded Syria Pharisees. in the year 40. and they much preferred to see an anti-Roman ruler on the throne of Palestine. Antigonus. who was genius enough to make use of such an excellent opportunity, promised them large
