— Apamea
the nanu' Fanii, Efumin. the town still flourished durmass of ini; the Aniliimi middle Hires; hut is now a ruins near Kalat el-.Medik. in the jiashalie of Turablus (Hitler, "Erdkuude, xvii. 1077 ft «(/.)• 2. City in Phrygia. a eouutry to which Autiochus the Great trausphuited many Jlebrews (Josephiis, "Ant." xii. 3, 45 4). By order of Flaecus. a large amount of Jewish money— nearly lO'l pounds of g„l,l_iiitcnded for the temple in Jerusalem was ccmliseated in Apameu in the year ()2 ii.e. (Cicero, "Pro Flaeco," eh. xxviii.). According to the Jewish "Sibylline Books" (i. 261), Arai-at. where Noah's ark rested, was in Phrygia: and the exact sjjot is pointed out as the source of the great JIarsyas. At this place was situated the ancient city of Celen;e, whose inhabitants were compelled by Anlioehus Soter to move farther down the river, where they founded the citV(d' Aiiamea(Strabo, xii. 577). Coins minted in Apamea in the third century bear the eftigy of Noah and his wife, together with the word "Noah" (Heinach, " J.es Monnaics Juives," p. 71, Besides the legend of Noah, the Enoch Paris, 1887). legend was also current in Ajiamea, as in the whole of' Phrygia (Stephen of Byzantium, .«.c. 'Ikuviov).
The two are, however, interwoven: and iicrhaps " Anuakus" or" Naimakus." as the hero of the Enoch legend is called, is a combination of the names Noah The legend seems to have tsiken shape aiid Enoch. from the circumstance that Ajiamea had the addiname K/ Jwroc = "ark" (Ramsay. "The Cities and Bishoprics of Phrvgia." 1. ii. 6G9-673; SchUrer, "Gcseh." 3dcd., iii. 14-16). tional
in the Talmud relating to witchcraft ()2./)and to a dream in Apamea (Niddah, 30*) probably refer to the Apamea in Phrygia
The passages
in
Apamea (iSer.
was looked upon as the fabulously
distant Similarly the mueh-discus.sed passage, exilareh Yeb. ll.W, which treats of the journey of the Isaac, shotdd also be interpreted to mean a iourney
yhich
habitation.
Ajiamea
from Carduene to Apamea in Phrygia in Mescne were meant (BriiU's "Jahrb." x. It.")) it is quite impossible that the Babylonians should have had any ditliculty in identifying tlie body of such a
for if
distinguished personage. 3. town of Mesene. Stephen of Byzantium describes it («.r. 'ATn,uf«i) as surrounded by the Tigris Ptolemy, at the point where the river divides. ("Geographike," v. 18) says it is situated at the confluence of the Euphrates and the Tigris (compare Ajiparently these were two dift'crPliny, vi. 146). eut cities, which seem to have been close together as is expressly stated in Kid. 71/'— the upper and the lower; one. "probalily the upper, was, so far as its Jewish inhabitants wire concerned, pure that is, its inhabitants were, in the rabbinical sense, of legitimate Jewish descent the other was mixed. NoldekcC'MandiiischeGrammatik," p. 26) suggests that the dialed spoken in lower Apamea was akin to the The place is now called Korna (Ritter, ^landa'an.
"Erdkunde," Bimiocu.vrnv:
xi. 1021). Sellir
Caissel, article
Km »'.)";«'<•
(irutiiT.
xxvil. 17S;
JwJtn.
in
Erscli
and
Neubaiier, G. T. P.i$i8;
Berliner, Jiiilriltie zur<tci){ir('l'>iii "" K('iie>i;r<i|</iic Ba/ij/loiiiciix, in Pr'iiimmin ilr-t Ilirliinr Haliliiiicr Seminars. IHSi, pp.
l!l.
22: liritz,
Ikw
Krniitircich MeHdu:. in
wiimm Oca Brestauer Rabbiner Seminars,
Pivi-
1879, p. 27.
S. Kit.
real or fictitious name of a Jew
I'rereferred to by Horace as extremely credulous. dulity seemed to the Roman writers synonymous with Jewish beliefs in general, and "Apella," from Horace's expres-sion "credat Judaiis Apella" ("Sat-
APEIiLA
ires,"
I.
662
THE JEWISH E^'CYCLOPEDIA
Aphraates
V. 100),
A
became the by-name
for a credulous
man. It has been suggested that the name is merely an epithet (from «, privative, and;)cH(X skin) equiv-
alent to the Latin "curtus" (sec Porphyry's com-
mentary on Ihirace, ed. W. Meyer, U^ipsic, 1874). This etymology was accepted by Geiger ("Quid de Judicorum moribus, etc.," p. 42) and by Kenan (" Lcs Apotres," p. 113), but is alto:;ether liclitious, as has been .shown by J. A. lliM ( "H. E. J." xi. 37) and T. Reinach (" Auteuis Grccs et Romains," p. 24.">), who see in it a very common Greek name of the iieriod, contracted frJmi ApoUodorus. Josephus ("Contra Apionem," ii. 7) speaks of an excellent historian of that name; Petronius ("Satyrieon," p. 64) mentions another and Ajiella is the name of a freedman mentioned by Cicero. Indeed, it does not seem to l>e a S. Jewish name at all.
APELI.es of ASC AliON:
Counselor and eom-
Afteracaihr rmpi i..r C.-digul.-i (37-41). reerof debauilic ry be went on the slageand bccamea tragic actor (Philo,"I)eLegationc ad Caium." xxx.). Apelles was imbued with a deeji sealed haired of the Jews, which, through couslaiit comiiai.ionship, he pjuiiciu
1.1
was enabled to transmit toCaligula. In lliis he was aided by another courtier, Hki.icon of Egypt, who was the empeior's fool, and who madea specialty of deriding and burlestiuing the Jews (ih. xxvi. d m'/.). When the embassy of AUxandrian Jews. ln;ided by Philo. ari-ived at liome to ple;id before Caligula for the equal righls on behalf of the Jewish connuunily, who it was oi)iioscd by Apelles and his companion, lent their support" to Apion and his anti-Jewish delePhilo and his friends were dismissed in 'i-ation. Apelles, whom his eccentric anger by Caligula. master fiequenily submitted to whimsical tortures (Suetonius," Caligula," xxxiii.), may, at lenglh, have met his death on such an occasion (Philo, I.e. xxx.), though, on the other hand, it has been suggested that he may have been living in the reign of Vespasian where "ApoUinari" (Suetonius, "Vespasian." xix.
or " Apellari "
may
really stand for " Apelli
").
drr Paiilv-Wissowa, Roil-Enniklopfl-lir BlBI.iOfiRAPIIY KltisKhrlirn AUrrtlnims IT'i««:HScJin/(,i.3688: GrSU, (Jench. if. jHi/i II, y<U'<i.. 111. :itiac(«c<(. /-. ,r -c
H. G. E.
APES.—Biblical Data: These animals are mentioned in 1 Kings, x. 22. and the parallel passage in II Chron. ix. 21, as having been bi-ought. with gold, silver, ivory, and iieacocks, by ships of Tarshisli from Ofuiu (coinpare II Chron. viii. IH). The Hebrew name /!'</' is a loan-word from the Tamil /,<ij>i. from which indeed the Teutonic fijie is also a loan with the loss of the guttural, so that the Hebrew and the English words are idintical. In Egyjitian the form gofe occurs. The Indian origin of the name has been used to identify Opliir with'Abhira at the moulh of the Indus (see" Vinson, "Revue de Philologic." iii.). Assyrians, however, were acquainted wilh Apes, which were brought to them as tribute. Apes are not now and almost certainly never were either indig-
The
enous to ralesline or acclimatized there. In Ra'bbinical Literature: The rabbis appear to have hiid some acquaintance with Apes. They knew that they were like man, and for that reason the bles.sing on Him "who Viirieth his creatures" was to be Siiid at sight of an ape (Ber. 'ySb). They compared man in old age to anaiie(Eccl. R. i. To see an ape in a dream is un2: tan., Pekude, 3). Apes were lucky, because of his ugliness (Ber..'j7/i). regai-dcd as a luxury (Eccl.R.vi.lD.and were trained to perform as servants, to clear out vessels (Yoma, 5). 29/i), or to pour water on the hands (Yad. i. the other liand, it was erroneously th.Might 8a), it took them three years to bring forth (Bek. and they were included in the class of beasts, with To the dog, wild ass, and elephant (Kil. viii. 6).
On
that
