Mancliester in 1873, having been elected to succeed the Rev. J. K. Gutlieim as assistant to Dr. Samuel Adleu, the senior rabbi of Temple Emanu-El, New York. When Adler retired about eighteen months later, Gottheil succeeded him. On taking charge he reorganized the religious school, and assisted in found- ing a tlieological school where preliminary training might be im- parted to future can- didates for the rabbin- ate. He prepared in 1886 the first Jewish hymn-book ijrinted in America (with music in a separate volume by A. Davis); it con- tains not only tradi- tional Jewish hymns, but also others of Chris- tian origin, and upon Gusiav GottHeU. i* ^^as based the Union
Hymnal, which has since been generally adopted by the Eeform congre- gations in the United States. In 1889 he started the first Sisterhood of Personal Service, a philan- thropic organization affiliated with Temple Emanu- El which has served as a model for similar institu- tions elsewhere. Dr. Gottheil was the founder of the Association of Eastern Rabbis, and when it was assimilated with the Central Conference of American Rabbis in 1890 he took an active part in the delibera- tions. He was one of the founders and the presi- dent of the (American) Jewish Publication Society, vice-president of the Federation of American Zion- ists, chairman of the Revision Committee for the Union Prayer-Book, and one of the governors of the Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati.
The broad catholicity of Dr. Gottheil's sympathies and interests is evidenced by his connection with various non-Jewish institutions as well as by many of his sermons and writings. He was one of the founders of the New York State Conference of Re- ligions, assisting in the editing of its "Book of Com- mon Prayers " ; and a founder and for many years vice-president of the Nineteenth Century Club. In 1892 Gottheil was one of the representatives of the Jews at the Pai'liament of Religions held in Chicago during the World's Fair. He published "Sarah"; and "Sun and Shield" (New York, 1896), a sur- vey of Judaism as he saw it. Essays by Dr. Gott- iieil have appeared in various periodicals and collec- tions. He was retired as rabbi emeritus of Temple Emanu-El in October, 1899. In honor of his seventy- fifth birthday a "Gustav Gottheil Lectureship in Semitic Languages" was founded at Columbia University.
Bibltographt: Markens, The Hehrews in America, New York, tS88 ; Tlie Reftrrmer and Jewish Timefs, New York, Oct. 25, 1878, pp. 4-.5; TTho's Who in America, 1901-U3; JewUh Chrnnicie. May 1, 1903, p. 21; May 1.5, 1903, p. 16; American Hebrew, April 17, 1903; April 24, 1903; New York Times, April 16, ia03.
A. F. H. V.
GOTTHEIL, PAUL EDTJARD : German Prot- estant missionary ; born at Fraustadt, April ij, 1818 ;
died at Stuttgart in 1893. A convert to Cliristianity, in 1818 he entered the service of the British Society for the Propagation of the Gospel Among the Jews, with which he was connected until the end of his life. He was for many years minister of the English church at Caunstadt, near Stuttgart, and then min- ister of the Diakonissenhaus in Stuttgart. As a mis- sionary he was very successful. Some of those whom he instructed and baptized at Nuremberg, Cann- stadt, and Stuttgart have become ministers of the gospel or missionaries among the Jews. He pub- lished " Blatter fiir die Evangelischo Mission Unter Israel," 1850-58; "Der Messias, Israels HofEnung und Aller Volker Verlangen," 1863 (translated into English) ; " Mischan Lechem, Lebensbrot f ilr Gottes Volk aus Gottes Wort " (Hebrew and German), 1871 ; (Yiddish and German), 1873; "Die Arbeit an den Einzelnen," in "Nathanael," 1891, No. 6. He was a brother of Rabbi Gustav Gottheil.
BiBLiofiRAPHT : Zuchold, Bihlintheca Thenlngica, s.v.; Dele ltd. Gescliichte der Evangelischen Judev^MiKsinn, 11. 266 ; article Onitheil,in BerFreund Israels, Basel, 1893; Dunlop, Oospel Triumphs.
s. B. P.
GOTTHEIL, BICHARD JAMES HORA- TIO : American Orientalist; professor of Semitic lan- guages, Columbia University, New York; born in Manchester, England, Oct. 13, 1862 ; son of Gustav Gottheil ; educated at Chorlton High School, Eng- land, and at Columbia College, New York. lie was graduated from Columbia College in 1881, and continued his studies abroad at the nni versifies of Berlin, Tubingen, and Leipsic (Ph.D. 1886). On his return to America he was appointed instructor in the Syriac language and literature at Columbia College (Nov. 1, 1886). When the chair of rab- binical literature at Columbia was endowed, Oct. 7, 1887, Gottheil was elected to it by the board of trus- tees. On the retirement of Professor Peck in 1889, the work of the section of Semitic languages was transferred to Gottheil (June 3), first as instructor and later (April 4, 1892) as professor, a position he still holds (1903). He has published ; " The Syriac Grammar of Mar Elia of Zobha, " Berlin, 1887 ;" J e wish History in the Nineteenth Century " ; and numerous articles in educational works, including tlie " World's Best Literature," " Johnson's Encyclopedia." and the "International Encyclopedia." He has edited two volumes of " Persian Classics " in English lor the Colonial Press; is permanent editor of the "Co- lumbia University Oriental Series" and (with J. Jastrow, Jr.) of the " Semitic Study Series " (Ley- den). In 1898 he was elected president of the American Federation of Zionists, and chief of the Oriental Department of the New York Public Li- brary. Professor Gottheil is a member of the Cen- tral Committee of the Zionist organization, and in the capacity of delegate attended the ZionisUc con- gresses held at Basel in 1898, 1899, and 1903 (see Basel Conoress) and at London in 1900; he is also n member of various learned societies. He is a member of the council of the American Oriental Society, and president (1903) of the Society of Bib- lical Literature and Exegesis; he was one of the founders and the first vice-president of the "Ju- dasans " ; founder and president of the (Jewish) Re-
