8S THE PASSIVE PERFECTS
LESSON XXXV
THE PASSIVE PERFECTS OF THE INDICATIVE • THE PERFECT PASSIVE AND FUTURE ACTIVE INFINITIVE
201. The fourth and last of the principal parts (§ 183) is the perfect passive participle. From it we get the participial stem on which are formed the future active infinitive and all the passive perfects.
- 1. Learn the following principal parts, which are for the first time given in full:
| Conj. | Pres. Indic. | Pres. Infin. | Perf. Indic. | Perf. Pass. Part |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I. | amō | amā´-re | amā´v-ī | amā´t-us |
| This is the model for all regular verbs of the first conjugation. | ||||
| II. | mo´neō | monē´-re | mo´nu-ī | mo´nit-us |
| III. | regō | re´ge-re | rēx-ī | rēct-us |
| ca´piō | ca´pe-re | cēp-ī | capt-us | |
| IV. | au´diō | audī´-re | audī´v-ī | audī´t-us |
- 2. The base of the participial stem is found by dropping -us from the perfect passive participle.
202. In English the perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses of the indicative passive are made up of forms of the auxiliary verb to be and the past participle; as, I have been loved, I had been loved, I shall have been loved.
Very similarly, in Latin, the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect passive tenses use respectively the present, imperfect, and future of sum as an auxiliary verb with the perfect passive participle, as
- Perfect passive, amā´tus sum, I have been or was loved
- Pluperfect passive, amā´tus eram, I had been loved
- Future perfect passive, amā´tus erō, I shall have been loved
- 1. In the same way give the synopsis of the corresponding tenses of moneō, regō, capiō, and audiō, and give the English meanings.
203. Nature of the Participle. A participle is partly verb and partly adjective. As a verb it possesses tense and voice. As an adjective it
