I2ANZISAK— ZOLA.
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1859, Zanardelli sat in the Pied- montese Legislature in several Par- liaments for Isco. In 1866 lie be- came commissario regio of the Pro- Tince of Bellono, under the Minis- try of Eicasoli. In 1869 he sat on the commission of inquiry into the tobacco Begia. At the Lombard bar Zanardelli enjoyed a very high | reputation as an advocate. After the Ministerial crisis of 1876, he became Minister of Public Works in the first Depretis Cabinet, which portfolio he resigned in Nov., 1877, in consequence of differences with Depretis, which made it impossible for him to sign, as Minister of Public Works, the Railway Convention ar- ranged by the latter. He was ap- pointed to. the Home Office in the Cairoli Ministry in March, 1878.
ZANZIBAR, Sultan op. {See Babohash bin Sajsd.)
ZIMMERN, Miss Helen, was bom in the free Hanse Town of Hamburg, March 25, 1816, but has lived in England since 1850, and is a naturalized British subject. She is the author of "Stories in Pre- cious Stones," 1873 ; " Schopen- hauer, his Life and Philosophy,*' 1876 ; *' Ootthold Ephraim Lessing, his Life and his Works," 1878; "Half Hours with Foreign No- velists," 1880; "Tales from the Edda," illustrated by Kate Greena- way, 1882 ; and a paraphrase of the Persian poet, Firdusi, issued under the title of. " The Epic of Kings," and illustrated with etchings by Alma Tadema, R.A., 1882.
ZOLA, EifiLE, a French writer, bom at Paris, April 2, 1840, passed
his infancy in Provence with his father, the originator of the canal which bears his name at Aix. He then studied in the Lyc^e Saint- Louis at Paris, and obtained em- ployment in the well-known pub- lishing firm of Hachette & Co. He gave up that situation about 1865 in order to devote his attention exclusively to literature. He has been an industrious contributor to the newspaper press, and has writ- ten the following works of fiction : — " Contes k Ninon," 1863 ; "La Con- fession de Claude," 1865; "Le Voeu d'une Morte," 1866; "Les Mys- t^res de Marseille ; " " Therese Baquin ; " " Manet," a biographical and critical study, 1867; "Made- leine F^rat," 1868 ; a series of poli- tical, social, and physiological studies, entitled "Les Rougon- Macquart, Histoire naturelle et social d'une famille sous le second Empire," which has been called his " Human Comedy," and which is composed of seven volumes, entitled respectively " La Fortune des Rou- gon," "LaCur^e," "Le Ventre de Paris," '* La Conquete de Plassans," "La Faute de TAbbe Mouret," " Son Excellence Eugene Rougon," and "L'Assommoir" (1874-77). The last-named volume created a great sensation, and has passed through many editions. M* Zola has since written a novel entitled " Unc Page d' Amour," 1878 ; " Le Bouton deRose," a three-act comedy played at the Palais Royal in 1878; "Nana," 1880 j and "Pot Bouille," 1882.
