640
JOHNSTON— JOINVILLE.
gineers^ until the outbreak of the civil war, at which time he was Quartermaster -General, with the rank of Brigadier-General. He re- signed his commission April 22, 1861, and entered the Confederate service as Major-General. Dtiring the earlier part of the campaign of 1862 he was in command oi aU the Confederate forces in Virginia, and was severely wounded at the battle of Fair Oaks, near Bichmond, May 81 . In November, having been made Lieut.-General, he was as- signed to the command of the military department of Tennessee, and in the following spring made an ineffectual effort to relieve Vicksburg, on the Mississippi, which was then besieged by Gen. Grant. After the defeat of Gen. Bragg, at Chattanooga, Nov. 25, 1863, Johnston was assigned to the command ot all the Confederate forces in tEe South-west, with the rank of General. In 1864 he was at the head of the forces which opposed Sherman in his famous " march to the sea. Compelled to fall back from point to point, the authorities at Richmond became dissatisfied, and on July 17, John- ston was ordered by President Davis to turn over his command to Gen. Hood. Near the close of Feb., 1865, when Sherman had marched into South Carolina, Johnston, at the express urgency of Gen. Lee, was directed to assume the com- mand of the remnant of tibe army of Tennessee, and of all the forces in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, to " drive back Sherman." The force which he could concen- trate was greatly inferior to that of 'Sherman, and he was unable seri- ously to check his march. Having learnt that Lee had surrendered the Army of Virginia to Grant, Johnston capitulated to Sherman at Durham's Station, North Caro- lina. Since the dose of the war he has been actively engaged in agri- cultural, commercial, and railroad enterprises, residing at Savannah,
Georgia. He has published a "Nar- rative of Military Operations con- ducted by him during the War between the States" (1874).
JOHNSTON, William, born in Downpatrick, Feb. 22, 1829, re- ceived his education at Trinity College, Dublin, where he gradu* ated B.A. in 1852, and M.A. in 1856. He was called to the Irish bar in 1872. He was elected M.P. for Belfast, in the Conservative interest, in 1868, was re-elected in 1874, and sat for that borough till 1880. Mr. Johnston has b^n for thirty-five years a member of the Orange Institution, and was im- prisoned for two months, in 1868, for taking part in an Orange pro- cession at Bangor, co. Down, on the 12th July in the previous year. He is the author of the novels " Nightshade," 1857 ; " Fresh- field," and " Under which King ? " 1872.
JOHORE, TuNKOO Abubxeeb BIN Ibrahim, E.C.S.I., the Mahara- jah of Johore (commonly called the Tumongong), born ip, 1835, ia grandson of one of the Malay princes by whom the island of Singapore was first ceded to Sir Stamford Baffles, as political agent for the British government, and succeeded to the sovereign^ of the Johore territories on the death of his father in 1861. He is one of the most enlightened princes of Eastern Asia, and is a firm ally of the British government. . In 1866 he visited England, delegating the exercise of his powers during his absence to his brother, the ^inoe XJnkoo Abdulrahman. The govern- ment long maintained a flotilla, m conjunction with our own, for the suppression of piracy in the narrow seas of their respective possessions; and some years ago the Tumon- gong's father was presented by the government of India with a sword, in acknowledgment of the services he had rendered in suppreBsing piracy.
JOINVILLE (Prince db), Fban-
