935- VI- Ovr- 13.1900-J NOTES AND QUERIES. 297 Temlperance Society of Hector, in the State of ew York, formed 22 August, 1829, whose pledgle is against “intoxicating l1quor.” In ovember, 1829, the Dublin Tem- perance Society issued a tract written by the Rev. William Urwick, who recommended “ total, frompt, and persevering abstinence from al intoxicating liquors ”_though this was not yet the plat orm of the society. As the “anti-spirit” societies either accepted the total abstinence rinciple or died out, “ temperance ” naturally became the common name for associations organized on the basis of abstinence from all intoxicants. WILLIAM E. A. Axon. Moss Side, Manchester. For illustrations of the use of this word to denote the non-use of intoxicating fluids during the year 1470, see ‘ N. & Q.,’ 3” S. xi. 115, and for A.D. 1517 and 1600 refer to 5'-h S. xi. 408. J. B. (Bradley), in his ‘ Glossary of Hard Words,’ 1670 ; Phillips, 1725 ; Dyc e, 1754 ; N. Bailey, 1759; and r. Ash, 1775, all use the word in the same sense. Evanxnn Home COLEMAN. 71, Brecknock Road. ‘ THE Wnnsn PEoPLE ’ (9“‘ S. vi. 19, 131, 216). -It cannot be desirable to press theories too closely as theories. M simple proposition is founded on the welliworn statement of Tacitus; and as to the supposed Basque or Iberian origin, we confirm such inferences from place-names-so Iver=Ebro, Ebu racum for York. I would not class such forms as “ barbarous ” ; further, I cannot differentiate Goidel from Godheil, so Gaul. Brethon is founded on a misconception between Bryth= painted, and Brat for a partial clothing. As to the real aborigines, I refer back to the reindeer hunters and fishers of the Esquimaux type. A. H... Guns or SANDWICH (9**= S. vi. 209).- “Collections for an History of Sandwich in Kent, with Notices of the other Cinque Ports and Members, and of Richborough. By William Boys, Esq., F.A.S. Canterbury, printed for the Author, mncccxcn. [1892], 2 vols. quarto,” is the book MR. AUSTEN wants. 1892 is a mistake for 1792, and in the Catalogue of the British Museum the date is corrected. The book is in the Inner Temple Libraré, and also in the London Library. In asted’s ‘History of Kent’ (vol. iv. p. 256) the gates are mentioned, but no account is given of them, as in Boys’s ‘Sandwich.’ It may be convenient to refer Ma. AUs'r1=:N to pp. 284, 297, 312, 315, 332 to 336. There are engravings of three of the V gates in this book ; but there is no engraving of Fisher’s Gate, which is, I believe, t me only one still standing. Views of it arc, however, from time to time to be met with, and I have little doubt that there is one in the British Museum. At p. 790 there is a plan of Sand- wich showing the sites of the gates. Hasted, 1799, quotes from Boys, and from the two and the .authorities they refer to MR. AUSTEN will probably find enough for his urpose. The papers of the Kent Archaeological) Society may possibly contain further information. H. B. P. Inner Temple. The gates of Sandwich are short? de- scribed in Murray’s ‘Handbook for ent’ and in other books of the like character, but the best account of the gates will be found in Boys’s ‘History of Sandwich.’ J. A. J. H. Canonbury. 'Lewis in his ‘ Topographical Dictionary of England] London, 1831,says : “ Considerable portions of the walls are still remaining, and till the year 1784 five of the ancient ates were entire, the only one now standing geing Fisher’s Gate, a Qain ancient structure facing the qémay.” vnnann Honm COLEMAN. 71, recknock Road. HUISH (9"“ S. v. 475; vi. 95, 154).-There is no reason, so far as the county of Devon is concerned, specially to connect ani' of the gaces bearing the name of Hiwis, wis, or ewis, or indeed any of its compounds, with water, as MR. ELWORTHY suggests. Taking the Domesda' list, onl ' one written Iwis therein, now Huish, in Shebbeare Hundred, is properly a water-bounded estate; and even t at one is bounded on the south by another Hiwis, now known as Loveston. North Hewish, in Stanborough Hundred, lies between two rivers ' but so do many other estates, rivers and hills being the most ancient boundaries. South Hewish is divided from Thurleston by a stream on the north, but is otherwise anything but a. watery)place. The same remark applies to another omes- day Hewis, which belonged toEdmer’s honour, and is now known as Edmeston, in Modbury. Hewise, in Kentisbeare, now goes by the name of Westhayes, which sug‘gJests that at any rate Hewis is an early est-Country form of Hayes. Turning to compounds, Bochewis, now Buckish, in Woolfardisworthy; has no water about it except the sea on t e north, and is only touched by a small stream which drives its mill just before entering the sea. Melhewis, now written Melhuish, in Tedburn,
