hidex 721 II lyr'i a, 271 Jmperator, 274 Independents, 666 Index of prohibited books, 620 Indo-Europeans, 61 ; dispersion of, 86 ff., 261 ; their occupation of Italy, 246 Indulgences, 584 and note Ink, earliest use of, 22 Innocent III, Pope, struggle of, with the Hohenstaufens, 456 ff. ; 419, 469, 486, 48S Inquisition, 483 f. ; in Spain, 566 ; in the Netherlands, 627 f. Institute, P'rench, 657 Interdict, 419, 481 Interest, attitude toward, in the Middle Ages, 506 International law, 694 Institutes of Christianity, Calvin's, 607 f., 632 Invasions, in the ninth and tenth centuries, 383 f. Inventions, modern, 657 Investiture, 441 ff., 458 ; question of, settled, 452 I 6'ni ans, 127, 137 Iran (e ran'), 91 ff. Iranians (i ra'ni anz), 91 ff, Ireland, 642 f., 670 f. Irene, Empress, 376 Iron, incoming of, 75 Irrigation, earliest known, 17 f., 61 Isaac, 105 Isabella, queen of Castile, 565 Ish'tar, Gate of, 81 ff. I'sis, 296 ff. Is'lam, 58, 359 Islands of the Blest, 144 I soc'ra tes, 211, 216 Israel, 104, 106 f. Is'sus, battle of, 219 f. Italian cities, trade of, with Orient, 503 ; of the Renaissance, 516 ff. Italian despots, 526 Italic peoples, 246 f. Italy, geography and climate of, 241 ff. ; earliest, 243 ff. ; in the Middle Ages, 382, 516 ff. ; art of, 558ff.; becomes battleground of Europe, 568 ff. Jacob, 105 James I, 659 ff., 683 James II, 678 f. James VI of Scotland and I of England, 425 Jax ar'tes, 88, 223 Je ho'vah, 104 Jericho, 102 f., 105 Jerome, St., advocate of the mo- nastic life, 349 Jerusalem, 80, 103 f., 108, 461, 466, 471 f . ; kingdom of, 467 Jesuits, 620 ff. ; 646 Jesus, 300 Jews, economic importance of, 506; persecution of, 565 f. Joan of Arc, 431 f. John of England, 417 ff., 426 John Frederick of Saxony, 603 Joseph, 106 Joiuvial des Savants (joor nal'da sav on'), 688 Jubilee of 1300, 491 Judah, 80, 104, 106 f. Julius 11, Pope, 558 Ju'pi ter, 84, 248, 251 and Fig. 113 Jury, trial by, 412 "Just" price, 505 Justinian, 324 f. Justs and tourneys in the Middle Ages, 402 Kaaba (ka'bji), 358, 361 Kadijah (ka de'ja), wife of Moham- med, 3 58 "Kaiser" (ki'zer), 274 " Kaldi " (kal'de), 79, 80 Kal'ki, 66 Kar'nak, temple of, Fig. 24 and 44 ff. Khafre (kaf'ray, Greek Chcphren)^ 41 f. and frontispiece Khatti (khat'te). See Hittites Khufu (ko'fo, Greek Cheops), 25, 28 King's Peace, 209 Kingship, origin of, 20 f., 29, 129; divine right of kings, 227 Kish, 60 Knighthood, 539 f. ; knights in Germany, 576 Knox, John, 640 Koran', the, 359 f.
