the insistent arguments of Emperor William, who in his telegram signed himself "Your friend and ally," the treaty was never given full force. William strongly appealed to the gratefulness of the Czar for having stood by him during the Japanese war, at a time when, ' * as afterwards the indiscretions of Delcasse have shown, although allied to Russia, France had nevertheless made an agreement with England to attack Germany without warning, in time of peace." The latter phrase gives the effect upon William's mind of all he knew or believed to know about the arrangements concluded between France and Great Britain concerning Morocco.
The Moroccan intrigues and secret negotiations, during the first decade of the twentieth century, contributed in no small measure to rendering in- ternational relations strained and generating a general sense of insecurity and suspicion. In July, 1901, a protocol was signed between the Sul- tan of Morocco and the French Government in which the latter declared its respect for the in- tegrity of Morocco. At the same time M. Del- casse began secret negotiations with Spain for a delimitation of spheres of influence in that coun- try. In September, 1902, the first Franco-Span- ish secret treaty concerning Morocco was given its
