up a ravine to Miller’s saw mill the Chemung (?) sandstone shows in a series of thin layers, a reddish-brown series about 60′ thick; not exactly massive but hard and unyielding. It dips N. 5° W. 35°–40° and creates ripples in the creek. Several outcrops of similar sandstone, 10–15′ thick; occur going north, and above the next ravine the rocks become more shaly on steeper dips of 50°–60°, marking the transition to the red rocks at the bottom of the Catskill formation No. IX.
At Ritter’s grist and saw mill, at the red bridge, the No. IX red sandstone dips only 10° N. W., splendidly exposed on the east bank of the creek below the mill dam, indicating the rapid shoaling of the Nortumberland synclinal. The basin line is very distinctly marked by converging dips in red shale of about 15°, 50 yards north of this bridge, in an excellent bluff exposure on both sides of the creek.
Still following the creek road towards the Fisher farm, the south dip increases to 20° and even 30° in the north leg of the synclinal, and the same series of rocks are again exposed going north up the ridge to the Union county line.
12. Jackson Township in Snyder.
This township, having largely natural boundaries like Monroe, lies next west along the the Union county line, having Penns creek for a portion of its north and east boundaries, with a small area between that creek and the county road in the northeast corner of the township. Its western line, 1½ miles long, runs straight from Penns creek to the summit of the high Catskill ridge marking the line of the Northumberland synclinal; and the southern border has several irregular offsets along the spurs of this ridge to the head waters of Mill creek, which it follows to its junction with Penns creek, about 3 miles from the river. The total area of the township will not fall far short of 18 square miles.
Kratzerville is a small village located about 4 miles north of Selinsgrove on the summit of the Catskill ridge, a short distance west of Penns creek.
The drainage of the township is all carried off through
