Penns creek and several small tributaries, the chief of which is Tuscarora creek, which, rising in the northwestern corner of Middle Creek township, flows northward through the western end of Jackson and enters Penns creek one mile above New Berlin.
The rock section exposed is extremely limited, consisting entirely of the Devonian and Catskill rocks Nos. VIII and IX, everywhere dipping southwards into the Northumberland synclinal basin whose axial line runs a little south of west from Kratzerville, and crosses the road from Kremer to New Berlin between the Lutheran church and the school-house.
A section from New Berlin south to the Middle Creek township line at the Lutheran church shows absolutely no good exposures, and only the junction of Nos. VIIT and IX by the change of soil from gray to red in the little ravine at D. Hummel’s. Moreover it would seem as if the sandstone beds in No. VIII, which characterized that formation along the railroad and the river in Monroe township, were largely wanting here or are changed to shales, so that the group as a whole is much less massive and the hills in consequence less rugged.
Penns Creek at New Berlin is largely in the Lower Helderberg limestone, bending occasionally into the Marcellus shales, the No. VII Oriskany rocks being scarcely visible at all.
Entering the township further east and going south from the blacksmith shop in Union county, the ridge and county line road is evidently Hamilton. On both sides of the small ravine north of S. Ulrich’s there are good exposures of the Genessee slates and Chemung sandstone in thin beds, dipping 60° S. E.
At the Penns creek crossing, here ¼ of a mile west of the Monroe line, the transition measures VIII–IX are well seen, and immediately south of the creek the lower red bands of the Catskill rocks are first seen with dips of 50° S. E. and 30° in the ravine further south at N. Fetter’s. Crossing the ridge road to Kratzerville, a reverse northwest dip of 60° is
