b. The middle participle has the ending आन āná, added to the unstrengthened root: thus, इयान iyāná, दुहान duhāná, द्विषाण dviṣāṇá, लिहान lihāná.
c. The root ās forms the anomalous and isolated ā́sīna (in RV. also āsāná).
d. But a number of these participles in the older language have a double accent, either on the ending or on the radical syllable: thus, īçāná and ī́çāna, ohāná and óhāna, duhāná and dúhāna (also dúghāna), rihāṇá and ríhāṇa, vidāná and vídāna, suvāná and súvāna, stuvāná and stavāná and stávāna — the last having in part also a strong form of the root.
6. Imperfect.
620. This tense adds the secondary endings to the root as increased by prefixion of the augment. The root has the guṇa-strengthening (if capable of it) in the three persons of the singular active, although the accent is always upon the augment. Examples of inflection are:
a. From the roots इ i and आस् ās:
| active. | middle. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s. | d. | p. | s. | d. | p. | |
| 1 | आयम् ā́yam |
ऐव āíva |
ऐम āíma |
आसि ā́si |
आस्वहि ā́svahi |
आस्महि ā́smahi |
| 2 | ऐस् āís |
ऐतम् āítam |
ऐत āíta |
आस्थास् ā́sthās |
आसाथाम् ā́sāthām |
आद्ध्वम् ā́ddhvam |
| 3 | ऐत् āít |
ऐताम् āítām |
आयन् ā́yan |
आस्त ā́sta |
आसाताम् ā́sātām |
आसत ā́sata |
b. From the roots dviṣ and duh and lih:
| 1 | ádveṣam | ádviṣva | ádviṣma | ádviṣi | ádviṣvahi | ádviṣmahi |
| 2 | ádveṭ | ádviṣṭam | ádviṣṭa | ádviṣṭhās | ádviṣāthām | ádviḍḍhvam |
| 3 | ádveṭ | ádviṣṭām | ádviṣan | ádviṣṭa | ádviṣātām | ádviṣata |
| 1 | ádoham | áduhva | áduhma | áduhi | áduhvahi | áduhmahi |
| 2 | ádhok | ádugdham | ádugdha | ádugdhās | áduhāthām | ádhugdhvam |
| 3 | ádhok | ádugdhām | áduhan | ádugdha | áduhātām | áduhata |
| 1 | áleham | álihva | álihma | álihi | álihvahi | álihmahi |
| 2 | áleṭ | álīḍham | álīḍha | álīḍhās | álihāthām | álīḍhvam |
| 3 | áleṭ | álīḍhām | álihan | álīḍha | álihātām | álihata |
621. a. Roots ending in ā may in the later language optionally take us instead of an in 3d pl. act. (the ā being lost before it); and
