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Experiment Execution | 138 |
Data Interpretation | 140 |
Publication | 140 |
Pitfall Examples | 141 |
Group Objectivity | 143 |
7. Evidence Evaluation and Scientific Progress | 146 |
Judgment Values | 147 |
Evaluation Aids | 151 |
Confirmation and Refutation of Hypotheses | 156 |
Power of Evidence | 157 |
Hypothesis Modification | 159 |
Paradigm and Scientific Revolution | 161 |
Pitfalls of Evidence Evaluation | 164 |
Hidden Influence of Prior Theory on Evidence Evaluation | 164 |
Incremental Hypotheses and Discoveries | 165 |
'Fight or Flight' Reaction to New Ideas | 165 |
Confusing the Package and Product | 166 |
Pitfall Examples | 166 |
8. Insight | 168 |
Role of Insight in Science | 169 |
Characteristics of Insight | 170 |
Conditions Favoring Insight | 171 |
Obstacles to Insight | 173 |
The Royal Way | 175 |
How Does Insight Work? | 176 |
Alternative Paths to Insight | 178 |
Unexpected Results | 178 |
Transfer from other Disciplines | 178 |
Breakthroughs by Amateurs: the Outsider Perspective | 179 |
From Puzzle Solving… | 180 |
…To Mystical Experience | 181 |
9. The Scientist's World | 183 |
Scientist and Lay Person | 183 |
Science and Society | 184 |
Science and the Arts | 187 |
Science and Pseudoscience | 187 |
Applied and Basic Research | 189 |
Conflict: Applied vs. Basic Research | 189 |
Changing Goals for Applied and Basic Research | 191 |
Resolution: Bridging the Gap | 192 |
Big Science versus Little Science | 193 |
Ego and the Scientific Pecking Order | 194 |
10. The Scientist | 197 |
Scientists' Characteristics | 197 |
Essential Characteristics | 197 |
Common Characteristics | 199 |
Cooperation or Competition? | 202 |
Science Ethics | 205 |
Publication | 207 |
A Scientist's Life: Changing Motivations | 210 |
Process and Product | 211 |
References | 214 |
Name Index | 225 |
Subject Index | 228 |