734
ITALY
nor particular communes. For elementary instruction alone, in 1895, there was expended by the State 4,126,089 lire ; by the Provinces 192,574 lire ; by the Communes 58,708,509 lire : total, 63,027,172 lire.
The attendance at elementary schools (public and private) has, in the last 34 years, risen from 1,000,000 to 2,585,000 ; or, allowing for the increase of population, there has been an increase of 80 per cent, in school attendance.
The percentage of illiterates, male and female, over five years for 1861, over six for 1871 and 1881, and over twenty years of age, in 1861, 1871, and 1881, was :—
Year | Over 6 Years
Over 20 Years
1861 1871 1881
Male 68-091 61-86 54-56
Female 81-271 71-73 69-32
Male 65-47 60-17 53-89
Female 81-52 77-18 72-93
1 Over 5 years (1861).
The percentage of illiterate conscripts, and of illiterates married, at various intervals from 1871 to 1896 was as follows : —
Year
Illiterate Conscripts
Illiterates Maniecl
Male
Female
1871
56-74
57-73
76-73
1881
47-74
48-24
69-90
1891
40-25
4112
59-16
1895
38-34
37-92
53-83
1896
—
36-96
52-57
According to the census of 1881 the number of the poimlation above six years of age who could not read nor write in Upper Italy was 40-85 per cent. ; Middle Italy, 64*61 per cent. ; South Italy, 79-46 per cent. ; and in the Islands, 80-91 per cent. The smallest percentage of illiterates above six years was in Piedmont, 32-27, and the largest in Basilicata, 85-18.
The following are the statistics of elementary (including normal) schools and for higher schools : —
Teachers
Pupils
Males
Females
Total 317,117
^siZt for infants (1896)
2,813
6,884
160,485
156,632
Public schools : —
(1895-96)
50,526
51,505
1,296,461
1,082,888
2,379,349 !
Private do. ,,
9,000
9,565
C9,424
140,650
210,074 I
Evening, &c.,
1
schools , ,
4,687
4,848
110,468
40,901
151,369
Normal schools ,,
148
1,622
1,836
22,316
24,152
Licei , ,
332
1,852
—
—
17,689
Ginnasi ,,
708
4,739
—
—
59,578
Technical instit. ,,
74
1,314
—
—
10,274
Technicalschools,,
381
2,755
—
—
37,193
Naval mercantile , ,
21
183
—
—
917
