1 74 THE BRITISH EMPIRE | — NON-FEDERATED MALAY STATES
money consists of Straits Settlements dollars with subsidiary silver and copper coins. In February, 1906, the value of the dollar Avas fixed at 2s. Ad. or 60 dollars = 71. Currency notes and bank notes also circulate, and the sovereign is legal tender for any amount at the above rate. Weights and measures (as well as currency) are as in the Straits Settlements.
THE MALAY STATES NOT INCLUDED IN THE FEDERATION.
The Malay States not included in the Federation are five in number, namely, Johore, Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan, and Trengganu.
The relations of Johore with Great Britain are defined by a treaty dated December 11, 1885 ; and, by an amendment to this treaty made on May 12, 1914, the Sultan agreed to accept, and to act upon the advice of, a British officer called the General Adviser. The Sultan is assisted in the administra- tion of the State by an Executive Council, and by a Legislative Council consisting of official and unofficial members.
The rights of suzerainty, protection, administration and control of the other four States were transferred from Siam to Great Britain by the Anglo- Siamese treaty of March 10, 1909. In all four States the Rulers are assisted in the administration by State Councils. In Kedah, Perlis, and Kelantan the Ruler has the assistance of a British Adviser appointed by the British Government.
In these States the currency, weights and measures are the same as in the Straits Settlements and the Federated Malay States. Their trade is almost entirely carried on with the Straits Settlements.
The religion of the Malays is Muhammadanism.
Johore (area 7,500 square miles, population in 1911, ISO, 417, of whom 102,219 were Malays, 63,405 Chinese, and 5,659 Indians) lies at the southern extremity of the Malav Peninsula. Births registered (1919), 9,320; deaths, 9,807. There were (1919) 3 1 schools and 71 vernacular schools, and an fclnglish College (with 75 boys in residence).
Revenue (1919), 11,052,777 dollars; expenditure, 8,228,862. the public debt of 3 millions was extinguished in 1918. Imports (1919), 29,524,700 dollars (foodstuffs, drinks, and narcotics, 20,9u5,ll7 ; raw materials, 2,699,281 ; manufactured articles. 5,1 17,919 ; coin and bullion 52,561 dollars). Exports 71,279,930 dollars (rubber, 53.203,400 ; gambier. 1,719,200 ; pepper, 385,775 ; copra, 4,834,609 ; areca-nuts, 3,817,700 : tin, 2,638,600 ; tapioca, 2,322,228; forest produce, 876,100 dollars). Rubber output . tons.
The military force of the State consists of 400 Malay infantry, 100 Pathan artillery, and nearly 100 bandsmen. In addition there is a Volunteer Corps of Europeans and Malays (400). The Police force, which is armed, numbers 23 officers and 701 rank and Me (1919).
During 1919, 20 additional miles of road were opened to traffic, and 44 miles were under construction. At the beginning of 1920 over 400 miles of metalled road bad been constructed. The railway from Pewyng.to Singapore traverses Johore for a distance el 120 miles. The Johore section .has been leased to the federated Malay states Govern- ment for a term Of years. Rubber estates are situated on either side along practically the whole length, and tlms, with the help of roads and narlgtble rivers, good eominuuir-.it inn is available A tight) railway rum-; from Munr for 14 miles .southwards through Malay holdings, which are thus afforded an easy outlet for their products.
An efficient rued and eight public alntajned by the
Government ,
The I'u.-.l ; I'.H'u VOS LBS, Letters, parcels, Ac, received.
Iluler. — His Highness SultSO Ibrahim, (i.C.il.C, li.li.K.
Qeneral Udviter. — J. F. Owen (Aetiug).
Kedah, on the west coast of the Peninsula, and north of Province Wellosley and i'erak, has an area of 3,800 square miles. Tho population (census 1911) Is 245,986, of whom 195,411 were Malays, 38,746 Chh 8tame»». and «,074 Indians. Tim esti-
mated population In 1920 was :S25,ooo. in oapttad is Alor Star ou the kedah liiver,
