BAVARJA 941
Finance- — The following table shows revenue aud expenditure for six years. The first three entries are actual returns, the last three are estimates (20 marks = £1) : —
1015 1916 19K 1918
t £
Revenue . 5..i02.3Sl >3o,3Jl 1S.937,!»*
Expenditure i..v55.T19 4 5,472,9<>'> <;,743,z24 13,S39,8W
Direct taxes are on property and income ; indirect taxes chiefly on wine, beer, and meat, re<<istry. duties on succession, on change of possession.
There was only a railway debt of 30,045,450/. in 1919.
Production and Industry.— Of the total area, 2,067,711 acres 56 per cent. ) is under cultivation, 1, 460, 808 acres (39 '4 per cent. ) forests, 1 93, 969 per cent.) uncultivated (houses, roads, water, Ac). Wheat, barley, rye and potatoes are grown. Vines in 1918, 26,414 acres, yield 7,887,000 gallons of wine, valued at 112,698,700 marks ; beetroot, turnips, hemp, and chicory are also grown. Tobacco area in 1918, 12,520 acres. Mineral produce almost solely salt and building-stone.
Principal manufactures: Tiles, cigars, jewellery, machinery, clocks, musical instrument*, chemicals, silk ribbons, cotton tissues, felt and straw hats, paper and cardboard, leather, wood- work, and brushes.
Communications- — The capital invested by the State iu railw.. 47,843,689/. At the end of 1917 there were 1,1S0 miles of State railw .
References concerning Baden.
Beitraege zor Statistic. Statist ische Mitteilungen. Statistisches Jahrbuch. Hof- uud Staatshandbuch. Landwirtachaftlichea Wochenblatt. Jahresberichte der Handel*- kammern.
Das Grossberzogthum Baden in geographiacher, *C. Hinsicht dargestellt. 2 pts. 8. Karlsruhe 1S85
Baedeker" t The Rhine. Leipzig. 1912.
.\Vu«*awi»(L ). Der sciiwarzwald. In ' Land und Leute ' Series. Vol. XIII. Bielefeld and Leipzig. 1902.
Meyer's SehwarzwaM, 14th ed., Leipzig, lyl2.
Pfaf (K.), Heidelberg ur.d Umgeburg. HeidelV-erg, 1910.
Rebmann (E.), Das Oros Baleu in allgemeiner, wirtschaftlicber nnd Staat
Iieher Hinsicht. Karisruhe, 1912.
BAVARIA.
EI8TAAT BAYEItN.)
Bavaria was for over a century a kingdom, ruled by descendants of the ancient Counts of Wittelsbach, who nourished in the twelfth century. Duke Maximilian I. of Bavaria was elevated to the rank of Elector of the Holy Roman Empire in the Thirty Years' War : and Elector Maximilian Joseph was raised to the rank of king by Napoleon I. in 1805. On November 22, 1918, the dynasty was deposed, and Bavaria was declared a Republic.
Constitution and Government. — On the outbreak of the Revolution the Government was taken over by a cabinet under the leadership of Kurt Eisner, an Independent Socialist. Eisner was assassinated in February,
