160 COMMONS COMMUNE DE PARIS out the country. This bureau is in suc- cessful operation, and publishes annually a re- port showing the condition of the common schools and other educational institutions in each state. According to the census of 1870, the number of public schools in the United States was 125,059, employing 183,198 teach- ers, of whom 74,174 were male and 109,024 female. The number of pupils in attendance was 6,228,060, including 3,120,052 males and 3,108,008 females. The total income during the year ending June 1, 1870, was $64,030,673, including $144,533 from endowments, $58,855,- 507 from taxation and public funds, and $5,- 030,633 from other sources, including tuition. These statistics do not include private schools, or classical, professional, and technical insti- tutions. The following statistics of common schools in the United States are from the re- port of the bureau of education for 1872 : STATES. AND TERRITORIES. Between the ages of Number enrolled. Average attendance. No. of schools or school districts. Average duration of school in months and days. No. of teachers. Average salary of teachers per month. Income. Expenditures. Amount of perma- nent school fund. i Female. 1 | fa 5-21 5-21 5-15 4-16 5-21 4-21 5-21 6-21 6-21 5-21 5-21 6-20 6-21 4-21 5-20 5-15 5-20 5-21 5-21 5-21 5-21 6-18 4-21 5-18 5-21 6-21 5-21 4-flO 141,812 107,908 80,988 113,588 19,018 14,000 39,766 662,049 459,451 349,633 106,663 Vl',566 126,811 115,683 276,602 296,356 120,352 111,686 330,070 28,786 8,372 72,762 169,430 1,028,110 105,680 708,800 107,666 ' 69,645' 79,511 3,321 2,534 1,378 1,630 402 331 1,291 11,231 9,100 8,563 3,419 5,381 640 4,171 1,509 5,193 5,365 2,933 3,450 29,398 1,410 76 2,452 1,390 11,350 3 m. 8*d. 2,318 1,901 820 699 1,152 401 1,232 2,194 3,470 2,302 2,052 2,893 $42 50 $4250 $640,627 625,053 1,675,757 1,503,617 118,727 129,430 292,000 7,500,122 1.590,818 4,242,978 1,049,592 968,176 554,973 868,588 1.231,622 5,663,930 8,648,259 954,182 1,218,248 1,687,573 537,680 110,962 468,527 2,875,641 10,671,566 217,409 7,420,338 -189,924 7,622.420 496,906 425,000 $560,000 405,748 1,727,883 1,496,980 105,407 '7,480,390' 8,559,898 4,045,408 714,198 941,304 531,834 849,278 1,214,729 5,663,930 3,019,925 990.936 869,766 1,749,049 534,095 98,4(58 468,527 2,375,641 9,607,903 '6,817,358' $2,495,210 35,192 1,250,000 2,048,875 Arkansas California Connecticut 6 m. lOd. 8 m. 12d. 5 m. 22d. 4jjm. 2 m. 15d. 6 m. 27d. 5 m. 16d. 6 m. 14d. 5-4m. 74 58 66 56 60 69 82 69 Florida 881 888 20,924 12,246 15,193 3,795 80 00 55 54 50 00 '36'64 40 20 "65" 66 38 17 45 83 85 09 49 25 87 39 58 90 85 00 38 50 116 53 37 56 5734 '25'66 42 00 50 00 41 71 39 72 35 00 80 00 38 87 89 00 '29'32 81 50 811,740 850,000 6,382,248 8,395,135 3,191,483 745,212 1,350,491 1,198,500 812,975 815,370 1,361,173 3,540,998 2,780,559 1,950,000 4,689,428 104,666' None. 550,788 2,978,576 1.959,880 3,912,497 500,000 261773 329,799 286,801 218,131 61,538 120,866 70,000 97,596 56,435 205,252 180,000 62,046 79,937 187,024 2,372" 49,293 86,812 493,648 620 8,761 7,430 5,888 1,747 268 11,880 4,816 9,305 2,048 Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas .... Kentucky Louisiana 6 m. lOd. 106d. 9 2-llm. 8 m. 28d. 7im. 6 m. 18d. 5 m. lOd. 4Jm. 74d. 8 m. lOd. 4 m. 4Jd. 8 m. 13d. 35w. Id. 4 m. 152d. 18w. 6 m. 34 w. 2d. 6 m. 865 1,800 1,020 1,024 3,032 1,656 2,256 555 4,200 1,249 7,419 8,610 8,056 399 1,420 6,000 2,269 8,443 11,642 4,712 2,655 8,816 1,512 76 8,826 2,931 28,254 4,132 22,061 65 00 14 40 45 88 32 39 26 75 24 57 58 90 35 00 83 48 88 78 24 33 3243 Maine Maryland Massachusetts.. Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Nebraska 773 29 585 952 6,481 3,078 9,718 739 47 3,241 1,979 21,773 1,054 12,343 Nevada NewHampshire New Jersey New York"..... North Carolina. Ohio 20 00 29 00 40 00 84 60 89 72 8500 408,538 15,000 536,221 22,176 14,201 659 15,999 727 1,919 Oregon .... Pennsylvania . . Rhode Island.. South Carolina. Tennessee 6-21 5-15 6-16 6-18 834,813 27,720 76,322 7,753 177 1,363 10,615 579 822 18,368 756 2,185 8,383,082 465,623 282,451 260,509 '3.269,696' 5,388,198 'i,'546,669" 229,800 2.389.488 Texas Vermont Virginia 6-18 5-20 5-21 6-21 4-20 127,672 70,904 168,000 76,599 266,014 81,653 ' 96,666" 51,836 2,000 2,503 3,552 2,323 5,031 2238 1,217,101 582,111 775,428 632,069 1,222,221 575,274 923,256 577,718 1.082.539 6 m. 5 m. 15d. 8 m. 25d. 7m. 671 2,545 1,955 2.885 3,544 1,281 513 6.283 4.215 8,826 2,468 9,168 '30'32 34 95 '28'21 32 15 West Virginia. "Wisconsin... I COMMONS, House of. See PARLIAMENT. COMMUNE DE PARIS. I. The name of a revo- lutionary committee which played a most im- portant part in France from July 14, 1789, to July 27, 1794. On the first insurrection the Parisian electors convened, and under the above name appointed a standing committee, which, on the eve of the taking of the Bastile (July 13, 1789), established the Parisian militia or national guard. A decree of the constituent assembly, May 21, 1791, divided the common- alty of Paris into 48 sections, electing a mayor and 16 administrators, to which a municipal council of 32 members and another board of 96 notables were added. On Nov. 10, 1791, Petion was elected mayor; Robespierre, Bil- laud-Varennes, and Tallien entered the general council, while Manuel held the office of attor- ney, and had Danton as his first assistant. Henceforth the commune acted in concert with the Jacobins, and on the night of Aug. 10, 1792, established themselves as the insurrec- tionary commune, declared all other authorities suspended, and soon became the ruling power, and spread terror among the royalists by the slaughters of September. Next they joined the Montagnards, and organized the insurrec- tionary movements which resulted in the fall of the Girondists, May 31 and June 2, 1793. During the reign of terror they remained faith- ful adherents of Eobespierre until his over- throw. Their very name was suppressed by the constitution of the year III., under which the city of Paris was divided into 12 distinct muni- cipalities, and the commune entirely lost its political importance. II. A revolutionary at- tempt to establish absolute municipal self-gov- ernment in Paris in 1871. First openly begun by the resistance of the national guard to the regular forces on March 18, in some degree organized by the municipal elections of the 2Gth, and assuming definite shape through the
