MULLEE 33 mediately filled with 300 orphans. At this time his annual receipts for all his enterprises amounted to 8,000, all of which he says was received in direct answer to prayer, without application to a single person. Praying for still more funds, he received in January, 1851, a gift of 3,000 ; in March, 1852, one of 1,- 000, and another of 500; in the spring of 1853 one of 8,100, and in the autumn one of 5,200. Believing it wrong to run in debt, he laid all these aside until he should have enough to finish one building. In May, 1856, he had accumulated 29,297, and began to build; and by May, 1860, he had received 45,000 for his building fund alone. In March, 1862, two more houses had been built and furnished, and were occupied by TOO orphans, making 1,000 supported by him, besides numerous schools and other benevolent undertakings. His three houses being full, he began to pray for funds to build two more. These were finished in 1870, when the five houses contained 2,050 children, besides teachers and attendants. Du- ring the year ending May 26, 1874, he received 37,855 15s. 6^., with which 189 missionaries and 122 schools were supported in whole or in part, 2,261 orphans maintained, and 47,413 Bibles or parts of the Bible and 3,775,971 tracts and books distributed. Between Octo- ber, 1830, and May, 1874, he had received in all 617,000, by which 38,800 children had been taught in schools in Great Britain, Spain, Italy, India, and British Guiana; 467,000 Bi- bles and Testaments had been distributed, 50,000,000 tracts circulated, 190 missionaries supported year by year, and 4,408 orphans brought up. The orphans, after being edu- cated, are put out to service or apprenticed to trades. The five orphan houses, erected at a cost of 115,000, are vested in a board of trustees; but they have no endowments, as their founder believes that funds will be provi- ded as required. He is also pastor of a church of 900 members, built up by his own labors. MILLER, Gerhard Friedrieh, a Eussian historian, born at Herford, Westphalia, Oct. 18, 1705, died in Moscow in October, 1783. He studied at Leipsic, became in 1725 a teacher in St. Petersburg, and in 1730 was appointed pro- fessor of history. In 1733 he accompanied Gmelin and De Lisle de la Croyere to Siberia, and returned in February, 1743, having spent the interval in studying the geography and antiquities of that country. In 1747 he was appointed historiographer of the Eussian em- pire, in 1754 secretary of the academy of sciences, in 1766 keeper of the archives at Moscow, and afterward councillor of state. He is best known by his Sammlung Russischer Geschichte (9 vols., 1732-'64). His other wri- tings include Histoire des voyages et decouvertes des Russes (2 vols., Amsterdam, 1766). He has been called the father of Eussian history, wrote French, Latin, Eussian, and German with equal ease, and was the first to found a literary journal in the Eussian language. MULLER, Johann. See EEGIOMONTANTTS. MILLER. I. Johann Gotthard von, a German engraver, born at Bernhausen, near Stuttgart, May 4, 1747, died in Stuttgart, March 14, 1830. He prepared himself for the church, but attend- ed at the same time the academy of fine arts. He studied engraving in Paris, where he re- mained from 1770 to 1776, when he was ad- mitted to the French academy of fine arts, and was appointed by Duke Charles to found a school of art at Stuttgart, which under his guidance produced many excellent artists. Among his best prints are the "Battle of Bunker Hill," after Trumbull's picture, Ea- phael's Madonna della Seggiola, St. Catharine after Leonardo da Vinci, and a portrait of Louis XVI. II. Johann Friedrieh Wilhelm, son of the preceding, born in Stuttgart in 1782, died near Dresden, May 3, 1816. After a careful training under his father he completed his studies in Paris, where besides other works he executed engravings of "St. John" and "St. Cecilia " after Domenichino. After preparing in Eome for the engraving of Eaphael's Ma- donna di San Sisto, he devoted the remainder of his life to that masterpiece, his reproduc- tion of which is one of the finest achievements of the art. In 1814 he was appointed pro- fessor in the academy at Dresden, but his health being impaired by overwork, he retired. He engraved in all only 18 plates. MULLER, Johann Heinrich Jakob, a German physicist, born in Cassel, April 30, 1809. He studied in Darmstadt, Bonn, and Giessen, and became a teacher at Darmstadt. In 1844 he was appointed professor of physical sciences at Freiburg, Baden. His principal work, Lehrbuch der Physik und Meteorologie (2 vols., Brunswick, 1842 ; 7th ed., 1868-'9), was ori- ginally a version of Pouillet's Elements de phy- sique; and he published a supplement to it, Lelirbuch der Tcosmischen Physik (1856 ; 3d ed., 1872). Among his other works are : Grund- riss der PJiysik und Meteorologie (1846 ; 10th ed., 1869-'70 ; with two supplements) ; Grund- zuge der Krystallographie (1845 ; 2d ed., 1869) ; Lie constructive Zeichnungslehre (2 vols. 1868) ; and Anfangsgrunde der geometrischen Disciplin fur ,Gymnasien, &c. (3d ed., 1869). MILLER, Johannes, a German physiologist, born in Coblentz, July 14, 1801, died in Ber- lin, April 28, 1858. He was the son of a poor shoemaker, and was about to be apprenticed to a saddler when his talents attracted the at- tention of his teacher, and he prepared him- self for the Eoman Catholic priesthood. After attending in 1819 the university of Bonn, he took the degree of M. D. and went to Berlin, where under the influence of Hegel and Eu- dolphi he was induced to reject all systems of physiology which were not founded upon a severe philosophical observation of nature. Eeturning to Bonn in 1824, he lectured as pri- vate professor on anatomy, physiology, em- bryology, and related subjects; and in 1826 he became extraordinary professor of physi-
