166 PATMORE fered to escape, but they were not obeyed. By Charles's command, Patkul was taken to the convent of Kazimierz and condemned to death by a court martial. He was first broken on the wheel, and then, while still living, beheaded. PATMORE, Coventry Rearsey Dighton, an English poet, born in Woodford, Essex, July 23, 1823. He published in 1844 a small volume of poems, and in 1853 "Tamerton Church Tower, and other Poems," neither of which attracted much attention. He is best known by his "Angel in the House," an attempt to invest the common- place incidents of life with poetic interest ; it is in four parts, entitled "The Betrothal," "The Espousal," "Faithful for Ever," and " The Victories of Love " (1854-'62). In 1862 he edited " A Garland of Poems for Children." From 1846 to 1868 he was an assistant libra- rian of the British museum. PATMOS (now PATMO), an island of the group called the Sporades in the Grecian archipelago, about 20 m. S. of the S. W. extremity of Sa- mos, and about 30 m. W. of the coast of Asia Minor; pop. about 4,000. It is an irregular mass of barren rock 28 m. in circumference, and in the time of the Roman emperors was used as a place of banishment. To this island St. John the apostle was exiled by Domitian, A. D. 95 ; and here, according to universal tra- dition, he wrote the Apocalypse, and perhaps his Gospel also. On the side of a hill a cavern is pointed out by the Greek monks, who have a monastery in the vicinity, as the exact spot where the evangelist received the revelation. The monastery, built by the Byzantine empe- rors in the 12th century, is inhabited by about 50 monks, subject to the patriarch of Constan- tinople. On the E. side of the island there is a small village and a good port. The island is subject to the Turks, but the inhabitants are all Greeks. They subsist by fishing and com- merce, and by agricultural labor on the main- land or the more fertile islands, migrating for the purpose every summer. PATNA. I. A division of Bengal, British In- dia, comprising the districts of Patna, Gaya, Shahabad, and Sarun, S. of the Ganges, and Tirhoot and Chumparun, N. of that river; area, 23,732 sq. m.; pop. in 1872, 13,122,743, of whom more than half were agricultural la- borers. The territory of the native state of Behar is comprised in this and the neighboring division of Bhaugulpore. II. A district in the above named division, extending from lat. 25 3' to 25 38' N., and Ion. 84 45' to 86 10' E. ; area, 2,101 sq. m. ; pop. in 1872, 1,559,638. The Ganges flows along its N. frontier, and the river Sone forms the W. and N. W. boundary. The growth of the opium poppy is the most important branch of cultivation carried on in the district. Patna was ceded to the English, with Bengal, the rest of Behar, and a small part of Orissa, in 1765. It was the scene of some of the most memorable events in the great mutiny of 1857, every part of the district except the capital having been for a long time PATRAS in the hands of the insurgents. The district is traversed by the East Indian railway. III. A city capital of the district, on the right bank of the Ganges, in lat. 25 33' N., Ion. 85 11' E., 285 m. N. W. of Calcutta; pop. about 300,000. The city proper, or fort, is of rectangular form, surrounded by a wall which extends about 1 m. along the bank of the river, and f m. inland. The suburbs are very extensive, and stretch 7 m. along the Ganges. The princi- pal thoroughfare, parallel to the river, is wide, though neither straight nor regular ; and the other streets and lanes are narrow and crooked. Some of the houses are built of brick, and have flat roofs and balconies ; but many of them are made of mud and covered with tiles and thatch. Patna is situated on the East Indian railway, and is an important centre of the opium trade, the government agency for Behar being loca- ted there. The town was permanently taken possession of by the British in 1764, after the defeat of the nawaub of Bengal under its walls. A monument is erected in the city to the mem- ory of 200 British who were cruelly murdered by the nawaub a few months before his defeat. PATON, Andrew Archibald, an English author, born in 1809, died in Ragusa, April 3, 1874. He early devoted himself to geographical and ethnological explorations and researches, and published " The Modern Syrians " (1843), " Ser- via" (1844), "The Highlands and Islands of the Adriatic " (1849), " The Goth and the Hun " (1850), and "The Bulgarian, the Turk, and the German" (1855), the last four collected un- der the title of "Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic " (2 vols., 1862). Among his other works are : " Mamelukes " (1851) ; " Me- lusina, a new Arabian Nights' Entertainment " (1861) ; and " Sketches of the Ugly Side of Human Nature " (1867). PATON, Sir Joseph Noel, a British painter, born at Dunfermline, Scotland, in 1821. He studied at the royal academy in London, was elect- ed associate member of the academy in 1846, academician in 1856, and queen's limner for Scotland in 1865. He was knighted in 1867. His "Spirit of Religion," a fresco (1845), and his oil paintings of " Christ bearing the Cross " and " Reconciliation of Oberon and Titania" (1847), commanded considerable prices, and his "Quarrel of Oberon and Titania" (1849) brought 700 for the Scottish national gallery. The best known of his numerous illustrations of the poets are " Dante composing the Story of Francesca da Rimini" (1852), "The Dead Lady" (1854), and six pictures illustrating the old border ballad, " The Dowie Dens of Yar- row" (1860). Among his many other pro- ductions are "Pursuit of Pleasure" (1855), "Home" (1856), "In Memoriam" (1856), and " Dawn : Luther at Erfurt " (1861). He has published " Poems by a Painter " and " Spin- drift" (Edinburgh, 1867). PATRAS (anc. Patrce), a fortified seaport town of Greece, in the N. W. part of the Morea, on the gulf of the same name, 107 m. W. N. W.
