670 SCHENCK tending 10 m. to the valley of the Gran, and is used for a canal and a railway. SCHENCK, Robert Camming, an American states- man, born at Franklin, Warren co., Ohio, Oct. 7, 1809*. He graduated at Miami university in 1827, and was admitted to the bar in Day- ton. In 1840-'42 he was a member of the Ohio legislature, in 1843-'51 a representative in congress, and in 1851-'3 minister to Bra- zil. In 1861 he served as a brigadier general and subsequently as major general of volun- teers, and was wounded at the second battle of Bull Run (1862). He was again a member of congress from 1863 to 1871, and in the hit- ter year was appointed minister to England, which post he still holds (1875). SCHE.VECTADY, an E. county of New York, traversed by the Mohawk river, the Erie canal, and several railroads; area, 221 sq. in.; pop. in 1875, 24,895. The soil in the valley of the Mohawk is very fertile. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 5,006 bushels of wheat, 53,730 of rye, 103,533 of Indian corn, 233,199 of oats, 43,465 of barley, 67,651 of buckwheat, 322,902 of potatoes, 35,457 tons of hay, 4,700 Ibs. of tobacco, 29,393 of wool, 557,770 of butter, and 42,020 of hops. There were 3,816 horses, 6,185 milch cows, 3,7G9 other cattle, 7,938 sheep, and 3,894 swine. The raising of broom corn and the manufacture of brooms are important industries; in 1870, 17 estab- lishments produced $325,148 worth of brooms and wisp brushes. Capital, Schenectady. SUIKWHDY, a city and the county seat of Schenectady co., New York, on the S. bank of the Mohawk river, and on both sides of the Erie canal, 17 m. N. W. of Albany; pop. in 1850, 8,921; in 1860, 9,579; in 1870, 11,026; in 1875, 13,171. It communicates with the principal points in the state by means of the New York Central and Hudson River, the Schenectady and Saratoga, the Schenectady and Duanesburgh, and the Schenectady and Troy railroads. It is largely engaged in manu- facturing, the principal establishments being numerous broom factories, extensive locomo- tive works, engine and boiler works, iron works, knitting mills, two manufactories of agricultural implements, one each of shawls, galvanized and corrugated iron, pumps and fire engines, steel springs and iron railing, artifi- cial limbs, stoves, and wheelbarrows, and two planing mills. There are four banking estab- lishments, with an aggregate capital of $400,- 000, four principal hotels, three public halls, a union school and several branches, two daily and four weekly (one German) newspapers, and 17 churches, viz. : African, Baptist, Con- gregational, Episcopal (2), German Lutheran, Jewish, Methodist (2), Presbyterian (2), Re- formed (3), Roman Catholic (2), and Univer- salist. Schenectady is the seat of Union col- lege, one of the oldest institutions of learning in the country. Its buildings, three in number, are on the heights overlooking the city. (Sw UNIOIJ UNIVERSITY.) The town was settled by Arent Van Corlear in 1661, and a fort was built. On Feb. 9, 16 ( JO, the Indians and French massacred the inhabitants, sparing only 60 old persons and children; and in 1748 it was again taken and a large number of persons put to death. It was incorporated as a city in 1798. SCHENKEL, Daniel, a German theologian, born at Dogerlin, Switzerland, Dec. 21, 1813. He studied in Basel and Gottingen, and in 1841 became a clergyman in Schaffhausen and a member of the grand council. In 1849 he went as professor of theology to Basel, and in 1851 to Heidelberg. His removal, demanded by a portion of the clergy in 1864 on account of his liberal views, was not granted by the authorities of Baden. In 1865 he was one of the most prominent founders of the German Protestant union. He edited the Allgemeine Kirchemeitung from 1852 to 1859, and the Allgemeine kirchliche Zeitschrift, which he founded, from 1859 to 1872 ; and in 1867 he began to edit the Bibellexikon, which he com-, pleted in 1875 (5 vols., Leipsic). His princi- pal works are : Das Wesen des Protestantisms (3 vols., Schaffhausen, 1846-'51 ; 2d ed., 186t); Christliche Dogmatik (2 vols., Wiesbaden, 1858-'9); Das Charakterlnld Jesu (1864; 4th od., enlarged, 1874; English translation by W. H. Furness, 2 vols., Boston, 1866); and Bren- nende Fragen (1869). SC1IERIA, in the Odyssey, an island at the west end of the earth, inhabited by the Phsea- ccs, a people fond of the feast, the lyre, and the dance. The ancients identified it with Corcyra. S( I1KKR, Johannes, a German author, born at Ilohenrechberg, Wurtemberg, Oct. 3, 1817. He graduated at Tubingen in 1840, and with his brother Thomas Ignaz, a prominent educa- tor, conducted a school at Winterthur, Switz- erland. After some years he established him- self in Stuttgart, but his republican sympathies compelled him in 1849 to take refuge in Switz- erland. Ho first resided in Zurich, but re- turned to Winterthur in 1852, and resided there till I860, when he became professor of history at the polytechnic institute in Zurich. His principal works are: Geschichte der deut- schen Literatur (2d ed., Leipsic, 1854); Ge- schichte der englischen Literatur (1854 ; 2d ed., revised and enlarged, 1874); Geschichte der Religion (3 vols., 1855-'7) ; Allgemeine Ge- schichteder Literatur (Ithed., Stuttgart, 1872); Schiller und seine Zeit (3d ed., 1862); Ge- schichte der deutschen Frauenwelt (2 vols., 2d ed., 1865) ; Blucher, seine Zeit und sein Leben (3 vols., 2d ed., 1865) ; Studien (3 vols., 1865- '6) ; HammersMCtfje und Historien (Zurich, 1871) ; Damonen (Leipsic, 1872) ; and Goethe's Jiiyend: Die Frauenwelt geschildert (Leipsic, 1874). SCHERZER, Karl von, chevalier, a German traveller, born in Vienna, May 1, 1821. Ho learned the trade of a printer, and was em- ployed by Brockhaus in Leipsic and in the government printing establishment in Paris.
