6T6 SCHLEIZ SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN sten, Baur, and others. Among his biogra- phers are Auberlen (1859), K. Schwartz (1861), Elisa Maier (1863), Dilthey (1867 et seq. and Schenkel (18G8). See also Schleiermacher's Reden uber die Religion und ihre Nachwir- Tcungen auf die enangelische Kirche Deutsch- lands, by Albrecht Ritschl (Bonn, 1874). SCHLEIZ. See REUSS. SCHLESTADT. See SCHLETTSTADT. SCHLESWIG, or Sleswlek (Dan. Sletvig). I. Formerly an independent duchy governed by the king of Denmark, now the N. part of the Prussian province of Schleswig-llolstein. It is bounded N. by Jutland, from which it is partly separated by the Kongo Aa, E. by the Little Belt and the Baltic, S. by Holatein, from which it is separated by the Eider river and the Schleswig-Holstein canal, and W. by the North sea ; extreme length 90 m., general breadth about 40 m. ; area, 8,529 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 409,907. (See ScnLEswio-HoLSTKiy.) Since the time^ of Charlemagne Schleswig has been a disputed possession between the Germans and the Danes. A margraviate erect- ed here by Henry I. of Germany about 934, and reorganized by Otho the Great in 948, was yielded up to Canute the Great in 1027, when the Eider was agreed upon as the boundary between the two countries. Thenceforward Schleswig was usually bestowed upon the younger princes of the Danish reigning family. King Waldemar II. (1202-'41) invested with it his younger son Abel, whose descendants, closely allied with the counts of Holstein of the Schauenburg house, but usually hostile to the Danish kings, ruled it till 1375. During this period the foundation was laid for the union of the two territories, and in 1326 the so- called constitution of Waldemar was adopted, according to which Schleswig was never again to be united with Denmark under the same lord. After the extinction of Abel's line, the counts of Holstein laid claim to Schleswig un- der several treaties, and in 1386 Gerhard VI. received it as a Danish fief. Although IIol- stein was a fief of the empire, the history of the two countries is from this time united. II. A city of Prussia, in the province of Schles- wig-Holstein, formerly capital of the duchy of Schleswig, at the head of a shallow bay called the Schlei or Sley, about 20 m. from the Baltic, and 69 m. N. N. W of Hamburg ; pop. in 1871, 13,850. It is almost surrounded by water, and is divided into three parts, the Altstadt, chiefly inhabited by fishermen, the Lollfuss, and Friedrichsburg. It has a cathe- dral with many monuments. Woollen goods, leather, lace, and china are made. The harbor is accessible to small vessels. Schleswig was in existence in 808, and for nearly 600 years it was an important commercial city. It de- clined from the gradual filling up of its harbor. SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN, a province of Prus- sia, formed in 1866, and consisting of the for- mer duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, bound- ed N. by Denmark, E. by the Baltic, Lubeck, and Lauenburg, S. by the province of Hanover, from which it is separated by the Elbe, and W. by the North sea; area, 6,766 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 995,873, chiefly Protestants. The in- habitants are a mixture of various races. In N. Schleswig Danish is spoken by about 145,- 000 people, who occupy nearly half of the former duchy of Schleswig. In S. Schleswig and Holstein nearly all the inhabitants speak German. The Frisian dialect is still spoken in some of the western parishes, but it is not used in either church or school. The district between and E. of the towns of Schleswig and Flensburg is known as the territory of the Angles. The province constitutes only one administrative district, called Schleswig. The principal towns are Altona, Kiel (the capital), Rendsburg, and Gluckstadt in Holstein, and Schleswig and Flensburg in Schleswig. The chief rivers, besides the Elbe, are the Eider, which separates Schleswig from Holstein, the Trave, and the Stor, an affluent of the Elbe. A number of islands lie opposite the W. coast of Schleswig, of which Rom6, Sylt, and Fohr are the most important. The islands of Alsen in the Little Belt and Feraern N. E. of Hol- stein also belong to the province. The surface is mainly level ; in the interior of Schleswig there is a slightly elevated sandy ridge cov- ered with heath, which increases in height toward the north. The soil of Holstein is very fertile, and produces wheat, buckwheat, potatoes, hops, hemp, flax, and wood. The soil in the interior of Schleswig is light and stony ; the W. side is bordered by a strip of rich marsh land, and artificial dikes and sluices are necessary to prevent its being overflowed. The province is noted for its fine horses, which are famous for heavy cavalry service and are exported in considerable numbers. The man- ufactures are not important ; only Neumun- ster in Holstein can be called a manufacturing town. (See HOLSTEIX.) In 1386 the counts of Holstein received Schleswig as a Danish fief. Their line becoming extinct, the estates of Schleswig-Holstein in 1460 elected Count Christian of Oldenburg to be their sovereign, who had in 1448 been chosen king of Den- mark. It was stipulated that the duchies " should for ever remain together undivided," and the estates reserved the right to choose at any time a successor from among his de- scendants. The agreement to maintain the integrity of Holstein was soon broken, and in 1490, with the consent of the estates, two sovereign houses were founded. These were united again under Frederick I., but in 1544 three sovereign houses were founded. Since 1580 there have been three main branches of the family of Schleswig-Holstein: the royal Danish, called the Holstein-Gluckstadt ; that of Holstein-Gottorp, of which since 1762 the czar of Russia is the head ; and the Holstein- Sonderburg, which had no territorial authority. In 1616 the estates yielded their right of elec- tion, and the law of succession became that
