SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN of primogeniture, with reversion to the col- lateral branches. In 1773 the future emperor Paul I., as duke of Holstein-Gottorp, ceded all his possessions and claims in Schleswig-Hol- stein to the king of Denmark, in exchange for the principality of Oldenburg, which he trans- ferred to the youngest branch of the Holstein- Gottorp family. The ancient constitution of Schleswig-Holstein had since the 17th century fallen into abeyance, and in 1802-' 6 the es- tates were formally abolished. In 1815 the king of Denmark had to enter the German confederation as duke of Holstein, and in 1823 the inhabitants of that province appealed to the German diet for the constitution of 1460, without effect; but in 1834 chambers were erected both for Schleswig and for Holstein. But still the repressive measures of the gov- ernment, and a persistent effort to bring the German language into disuse in the churches, schools, and courts, created discontent. The Salic law had never prevailed in either Schles- wig or Holstein, and the royal house in the male line was about to become extinct when on July 8, 1846, appeared a proclamation of the king, extending the Danish laws of succes- sion to all his dominions except a part of Hol- stein, at the same time expressing the intention of including even this in time. The collateral branches of the reigning family, the estates of the duchies, and the German diet protested; but on March 24, 1848, Frederick VII. pro- claimed the incorporation of Schleswig with Denmark. This was the beginning of a three years' war, in which the duchies contended for their independence, and were for a time aid- ed by Prussia. (See DENMARK.) In January, 1851, Austria and Prussia jointly intervened, disbanded the Schleswig-Holstein army, and on Feb. 18, 1852, surrendered Holstein to Den- mark. At the London conference of May, 1852, the great powers and Sweden fixed upon Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonder- burg-Glucksburg as the next king. The other branches of the prince's family residing in Den- mark renounced their claims in Prince Chris- tian's favor, but those residing in Schleswig- Holstein did not. Neither the estates of the duchies nor the German diet became a party to this agreement. In 1854 constitutions were granted to both Schleswig and Holstein ; but they were not satisfactory to the people, and in November, 1863, the parliament formally incorporated Schleswig with Denmark. In the same month the king died, and, in accordance with the London treaty, the prince of Sonder- burg-Gltlcksburg ascended the throne as Chris- tian IX. The prince of Schleswig-Holstein- Sonderburg-Augustenburg, whom the duchies regarded as the rightful heir, proceeded to Kiel to assume the government. In the mean time the German diet had declared the treaty of London broken by Denmark, and an Aus- tro-Prussian army entered Holstein. After se- vere fighting the Danes were driven out of Schleswig, and even Jutland was occupied by SCHLIEMANN 677 German troops. England attempted in vain to mediate, a second London conference came to nothing, and the Danes were completely subdued. At the treaty of Vienna, Oct. 30, 1864, Christian IX. renounced all his claims to Schleswig-Holstein, and also to Lauenburg. The convention of Gastein, Aug. 14, 1865, assigned the occupation of Holstein to Austria and of Schleswig to Prussia. After the war of 1866 both duchies came under Prussian rule, and were shortly after made a province of the Prussian monarchy. The article in the treaty of Prague between Austria and Prus- sia, providing for a restoration of Danish- speaking Schleswig to Denmark should the people vote for it, has thus far (1875) been dis- regarded. (See DENMARK.) See Droysen and Samwer, Die Herzogthumer Schleswig-Holstein und das Konigreich Ddnemark (2d ed., Ham- burg, 1850) ; Luders, Denlcwurdigkeiten zur neuesten schleswig-holsteinischen Geschichte (4 vols., Stuttgart, 1851-'3); Baudissin, Geschichte des schleswig-holsteinischen Kriegs (Hanover, 1862) ; Rustow, Der deutsch-ddnische Krieg ton 1864 (Zurich, 1864) ; Der osterreichisch- preussische Krieg gegen Ddnemark (Vienna, 1865) ; and Moller, Geschichte Schleswig-Hol- steins (2 vols., Hamburg, 1865). SCHLETTSTADT (Fr. Schelestadt or Schlestadt), a town of Germany, in Lower Alsace, on the left bank of the 111, 25 m. S. S. W. of Stras- burg ; pop. in 1871, 9,307, chiefly Roman Catholics. It contains several fine mediaeval churches, a college, a public library, and a Catholic normal seminary opened in 1872. Leather, cotton goods, potash, and many oth- er articles are manufactured; and there is trade in wine, tobacco, rape seed, hemp, and flax. Schlettstadt was a town in the 8th cen- tury, having been founded on the site of one destroyed by Attila, and was fortified and be- came a free imperial city in the 13th century. Agricola established a school here. It was taken by the Swedes in 1632, was annexed to France in 1648, and subsequently became the capital of an arrondissement in the department of Bas-Rhin. The fortifications, designed by Vauban, commanded the railway lines and the military road to Belfort and Besancon. The Germans captured it after a siege in October, 1870, and subsequently demolished the forti- fications. SCHLEY, a S. W. county of Georgia, drained by branches of Flint river; area, about 200 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 5,129, of whom 2,851 were colored. The chief productions in 1870 were 3,889 bu.shels of wheat, 88,053 of Indian corn, 19,626 of sweet potatoes, 1,540 Ibs. of rice, 3,657 bales of cotton, and 6,672 gallons of sorghum molasses. There were 317 horses, 621 mules and asses, 2,531 cattle, 486 sheep, and 4,371 swine. Capital, Ellaville. SCHLIEMAM, Heinrieh, a German traveller, born at Kalkhorst, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, in 1822. His father was poor, and placed him at the age of 14 in a grocer's store in Ftirsten-
