7TO TISHOMINGO which several of the readings adopted for the second edition are omitted. In 1872 he com- pleted the important eighth larger critical edi- tion of his Greek Testament, which for fulness and accuracy excels all that preceded it. He published also the first of the two parts of an abridged edition of this valuable work; the second part was not completed at the time of his death. The minor editions of Tauchnitz and Brockhaus (1873) are corrected by this critical edition. In 1873 Tischendorf com- pleted Theodor Heyse's edition of the Latin Vulgate, and in 1874 he published in conjunc- tion with Baer and Delitzsch a Liber Psalmo- rum Hebraicus et Latinm ab Hieronymo ex Hebrceo conversus. Shortly before his death ap- peared his 22d edition of the New Testament. TISHOMINGO, a N. E. county of Mississippi, bordering on Tennessse and Alabama, bounded N. E. by the Tennessee river, and drained by affluents of the Tennessee and Tombigbee rivers ; area, about 550 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 7,350, of whom 741 were colored. The sur- face is hilly and the soil fertile. It is traversed by the Memphis and Charleston railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 4,319 bushels of wheat, 188,836 of Indian corn, 18,578 of sweet potatoes, 1,397 bales of cotton, 3,999 Ibs. of tobacco, 6,957 of wool, and 94,624 of butter. There were 1,117 horses, 2,091 milch cows, 7,140 other cattle, 4,547 sheep, and 9,183 swine; 1 cotton factory, 2 planing mills, and 5 saw mills. Capital, luka. TISSAPHERNES, a Persian general, assassinated in Colossoe, Phrygia, in 395 B. C. In 414 Da- rius Nothus appointed him satrap of Lower Asia, S. of the Adramyttian bay, in place of Pissuthnes, then in revolt. lie was ordered by the king to collect from the Hellenic cities within his jurisdiction the tributes in arrears for half a century, and also to slay or im- prison Amorges, the son of Pissuthnes, who had rebelled and made an alliance with the Athenians. Tissaphernes obtained the aid of the Spartans through the influence of Alci- biades, who desired to support the Chians in their revolt against the Athenians. Through- out the ensuing contest, comprising the closing scenes of the Peloponnesian war, Tissaphernes acted treacherously to his allies. (See ALCT- BIADE8, and GREECE, vol. viii., p. 194.) In 407 Cyrus the Younger was appointed viceroy of the maritime region of Asia Minor. Hos- tility soon sprang up between him and Tissa- phernes, who accused him, after the death of Darius, of aspiring to the throne of his brother Artaxerxes II. Tissaphernes, being one of the four generals who commanded the Persian army at Cunaxa, gained possession of the per- sons of the five generals commanding the Greek mercenaries of Cyrus, and put four of them to death. Daring the famous retreat of the 10,000 under Xenophon he continually harassed them as far as the Carduchian mountains. For his services he was made governor of the prov- inces formerly ruled by Cyrus, and as such he TITANIUM carried on war with the Spartans. Complaints against him constantly arrived at the Persian court, and Tithraustes was sent to put him to death. Tissaphernes was surprised in the bath and slain, and his head sent to Artaxerxes. TISSOT, Simon Andre, a Swiss physician, born at Grancy, in the canton of Vaud, March 20, 1728, died in Lausanne, June 15, 1797. He studied at Geneva and Montpellier, settled at Lausanne about 1750, acquired great eminence as a practitioner, and became professor in the university. In 1780 he accepted the profes- sorship of clinical medicine at Pavia, and in 1783 returned to Switzerland. His most im- portant works are : Historia Epidemics Lau- saniensis Anni 1755 (Lausanne, 1758 ; French, 1759); UOnanisme (Latin and French, 1760; latest ed., revised and enlarged by M. A. Petit, Lyons, 1856) ; Avis au peuple sur la sante (1761 ; 12th ed., 1799) ; and De la sante des gens de lettres, suivi de Vessai sur maladies des gens du monde (1768-'70 ; new ed., revised by Bertrand de Saint-Germain, Paris, 1859). His complete works have been edited by Hall6, with a biography and annotations (11 vols., Paris, 1809-'! 3). TITANIUM, a metal first detected in 1789 by Gregor in titanic iron, and found by Klap- roth in 1794 in rutile, and named by him from the Titans. Dr. "Wollaston in 1822 recognized it in the form of minute copper-colored cubical crystals found in the slags of the iron-smelting furnaces at Merthyr Tydfil in South Wales, and these, often met with since that time in iron slags, were formerly regarded as pure titanium, but are now understood to be com- pounds of the metal with nitrogen and cyano- gen. Berzelius was the first to separate this metal in a state of purity. He decomposed a mixture of the fluorides of titanium and potas- sium by means of metallic potassium, and ob- tained the metal in a grayish powder. M. Sainte-Claire Deville obtained it in forms re- sembling specular iron ore, crystallized in prisms with a square base. Its chemical equiva- lent is 50 ; symbol, Ti. Three oxides of the metal are known, TiO, Ti 2 3 , and TiO 2 ; the last of which, titanic anhydride, is the only one of interest. It occurs as a mineral in three forms : as rutile and anatase, which both crys- tallize in the dimetric system, though with dif- ferent angles, and as brookite, crystallizing in the trimetric system. Rutile is generally a reddish brown mineral, sometimes yellowish or black, harder than feldspar, and of specific gravity 4'18 to 4*25. It occurs in many parts of Europe and America, the richest localities in the United States being in Chester and Lancas- ter cos., Pa. In Vermont and New Hampshire, as also in Brazil and Switzerland, it is found in long needles enclosed in masses of transparent quartz, making very curious and beautiful specimens, which are often used in jewelry. Anatase and brookite are comparatively rare minerals. In combination with oxide of iron, titanic acid forms the compound ilmenite or
