OPEN LETTER TO POPE LEO XIH. 57
or are communists. Knowing these things we cannot take it on ourselves to say that a social condition may not be possible in which an all-embracing love shall have taken the place of all other motives. But we see that communism is only possible where there exists a general and intense religious faith, and we see that such a state can be reached only through a state of justice. For before a man can be a saint he must first be an honest man.
With both anarchists and socialists, we, who for want of a better term have come to call ourselves single-tax men, fundamentally differ. "We regard them as erring in opposite directions the one in ignoring the social nature of man, the other in ignoring his individual nature. While we see that man is primarily an individ- ual, and that nothing but evil has come or can come from the interference by the state with things that belong to individual action, we also see that he is a social being, or, as Aristotle called him, a political animal, and that the state is requisite to social advance, having an indis- pensable place in the natural order. Looking on the bodily organism as the analogue of the social organism, and on the proper functions of the state as akin to those that in the human organism are discharged by the con- scious intelligence, while the play of individual impulse and interest performs functions akin to those discharged in the bodily organism by the unconscious instincts and involuntary motions, the anarchists seem to us like men who would try to get along without heads and the social- ists like men who would try to rule the wonderfully complex and delicate internal relations of their frames by conscious will.
The philosophical anarchists of whom I speak are few in number, and of little practical importance. It is with socialism in its various phases that we have to do battle.
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