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DIVISION IV

THE SYRIAN AND ARMENIAN CHURCHES

CHAPTER I

EARLY SYRIAN CHRISTIANITY

 

(a) Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. i. 13; Sozomen, Hist. Eccl. iii. 16; Ephraim the Syrian; The Homilies of Aphraates (Wright, 1869); The Doctrine of Addai (Cureton's "Ancient Syriac Documents," 1864).

(b) Harnack, Expansion of Christianity, Book iv. Chap. iii. iii. 5; Tixeront, Les Origines de l'église d'Édesse, 1888; Texte u. Unters. ix. 1; Duval, La Litterature Syriaque (2nd edit., 1900); Burkitt, Early Eastern Christianity, 1904, and Introduction to Evangelion da Mepharreshe, 1904.

 

Four influences have combined to keep the extreme Eastern portion of Christendom apart from the main body of the Greek Church. These may be described respectively as geographical, political, linguistic, and doctrinal.

Geographically the churches of the Euphrates valley and those which were planted farther east were separated from the churches to the west of them by the Syrian desert, the crossing of which was an expedition, as Zerubbabel, Ezra, and Nehemiah had found in ancient times.

Politically the region in which they were situated when not independent was only connected with the Roman Empire at intervals, and was more continuously subject to Parthian and Persian sovereigns. At the time of the introduction of Christianity it was governed by its local rulers, whose names indicate an Arabian origin.

No doubt these two factors helped to establish the

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