Vienna. Prague, Riga, Mainz again, Leipzig, and Weimar. From 1870 to 1875 he was at the Stadt- Theater of Frankfort-on-the-Main. and for the next five years at that of Hamburg, where he acted as director. For several years thereafter he traveled as a 'star,' visiting London with the Meiningen Court Company in 1881, and in 1882 making a successful tour in the United States. From 1887 to 1894 he managed his Berliner Theater in Berlin. He has since made his home in Wiesbaden. Barnaby's greatest talents have been shown in tragedy. Among his most noted roles are Essex, Uriel Acosta, Othello, An- tony, Tell, and Egmont. He was the leader in the movement which assembled the stage congress at Weimar in 1871, thus being founder of the 'Association' (Buhnengenossenschaft), which has proved of such value to the German theatrical profession.
BARN'BURN'ERS. In American political history, a faction of the Democratic party in New York State after 1844, so called (in allusion to a Dutchman who was said to have burned his barn to free it of rats) from their supposed eagerness for radical reform measures — especially for such measures as would prevent the extension of slavery in the Territories. Unable to secure satisfactory recognition in the Democratic National Convention of 1848, they joined the Free Soilers, and with them nominated Van Buren for the Presidency. Their vote, dividing the Democratic strength, secured the election of Taylor, the Whig nominee. In 1852 they reunited with their opponents, the Hunkers, though the two factions did not work together in harmony until several years later. Before this time the name 'Softs,' or 'Soft-shells,' had replaced the name 'Barnburners.' See Van Buren; Hunkers; Albany Regency.
BARN'BY, Sir Joseph (1838-96). An English musician and composer. He was born at York, England, and was educated at the Royal Academy of Music. He was organist at Saint Andrew's and Saint Ann's, was conductor of the oratorio concerts at Saint James's and Exeter Halls; succeeded Gounod as conductor of the Royal Albert Hall Choral Society in 1872; became musical director at Eton College in 1875, and afterwards was elected principal of the Guildhall School of Music. In 1892 he was knighted. Among his numerous and popular compositions the motet, King All Glorious, and his oratorio, Rebekah, and The Lord is King — a setting of the 97th Psalm — are especially noteworthy.
BARN'DOOR' SKATE. The largest of North American skates (Raja lævis). It occurs along the Atlantic coast from New England to Florida, and may reach a length of four feet. See Skate.
BAR'NEGAT BAY. An inlet of the Atlantic,
in Ocean County, N. J., 23 miles long and 1 to 4
miles wide. It is separated from the ocean by
Squan and Island (or Long) beaches. On the
north end of the latter is Barnegat City, a
famous summer resort (Map: New Jersey, D 4).
The beaches are separated by Barnegat Inlet,
about one mile wide. At the mouth is a light-
house, 39° 46' 48" N., 74° 6' 3" W., with a light
163 feet above sea-level, and flashing white every
10 seconds.
BARNES. A progressive town in Surrey,
England, on the right bank of the Thames, 3
miles northeast of Richmond. The municipality
maintains parks and a hospital, and owns an
electric-lighting plant and artisans' dwellings.
Population, in 1891, 14,670; in 1901, 17,800.
BARNES, Albert (1798-1870). An American Presbyterian theologian. He was born at
Rome, N. Y.: graduated at Hamilton College and the Princetcon Theological Seminary. He was pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, from 1830 to 1867, and is best known for his Notes on the Bible. During the disruption of the Presbyterian Church he was tried for heresy, and in the final separation went with the New School, and was among the most liberal of its leaders. Besides the Notes, he wrote an introduction to Butler's Analogy; Scriptural Vievs of Slavery (1846); The Way of Salvation (1863); Lectures on the Evidences of Christianity in the Nineteenth Century (1868), and a series of Sunday-school manuals.
BARNES, Alfred Smith (1817-88). An
American publisher, born at New Haven, Conn.
He entered the publishing business in Hartford,
Conn., at an early age, and afterwards went to
New York (1838), and there published many
of Professor Davies's mathematical works. He
lived in Philadelphia from 1840 to 1845, and
then settled permanently in New York, and be-
gan the publication of school-books. The firm
has continued this specialty. At his death Mr.
Barnes left nearly $100,000 to educational and
charitable institutions, $45,000 of it going to
the construction of Barnes Hall, the home of the
Christian Association of Cornell University.
BARNES, Barnabe (c. 1569-1609). An Elizabethan lyrist, son of Dr. Richard Barnes, Bishop of Durham. He was educated at Oxford; was with Essex in Normandy against the Prince of Parma (1591); and took the side of Gabriel Harvey in the quarrel with Thomas Nash. In 1593 Barnes published a volume containing much beautiful verse, Parthenophil and Parthenophe: Sonnettes, Madrigals, Elegies, and Odes (reprint by Arber in English Garner, 1882); A Divine Centurie of Spirituall Sonnets (1595; ed. by Grosart, 1875) is less interesting. His rather remarkable tragedy. The Divil's Charter, was performed before King James at Christmas, 1606-07.
BARNES, Charles Reid (1858—). An American botanist, born at Madison, Ind. He received his education at Hanover College, and subsequently studied botany at Harvard. In 1880 he was made professor of natural history at Purdue University, and in 1886 professor of botany at the University of Wisconsin. In 1898 he became professor of plant physiology at the University of Chicago. Besides editing the Botanical Gazette, he wrote: Handbook of Plant Dissection (jointly with J. M. Coulter and J. C. Arthur, 1886); Keys to the Genera and Species of North American Mosses (ed. 1, 1890; ed. 2, jointly with F. D. Heald, 1897): Plant Life (1898); Outlines of Plant Life (1900) : and a number of valuable papers on botanical subjects.
BARNES, James (1806-09). An American soldier, born in Boston, Mass. He graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1829, and was assistant instructor in French there in 1829-30. Subsequently he was in garrison at Forts
