McHenry (Md.) and Monroe (Va.). With the rank of first lieutenant of artillery he resigned, and was engaged in railway engineering from 1836 to 1857. During the Civil War he served in 1861-62 as colonel of the Eighteenth Massa- chusetts Volunteers in the defenses of Washing- ton, and with the Army of the Potomac in the Virginia Peninsular campaign and the Maryland campaign. As a brigadier-general of volunteers he was at the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, and commanded a division at Gettysburg. He was brevetted major-general of volunteers in 1865 for meritorious services.
BARNES, James (1866—). An American author. He was born at Annapolis, Md., and was educated at Saint Paul's School, Concord, N. H., and at Princeton, where he graduated in 1891. He was connected with Scribner's Magazine for some time, and in 1894-95 was assistant editor of Harper's Weekly. Among his publications are: For King or Country (1895); Naval Actions of the War of 1812 (1896); Yankee Ships and Yankee Sailors (1898): The Hero of Erie (1898); David G. Farragut (1899); and Drake and His Yeomen (1899).
BARNES, Joseph K. (1817-83). An American surgeon. He was born in Philadelphia, Pa., and was educated at Harvard and the University of Pennsylvania. In 1840 he joined the army as an assistant surgeon, and at the beginning of the Civil War was assigned to duty in the surgeon-general's office. At the close of the war he was surgeon-general, and was brevetted major-general (1865). To him was due a large part of the efficiency of the medical department during the war. He was the founder of the Army Medical Museum and the library of the surgeon-general's office. He attended Presidents Lincoln and Garfield on their death-beds.
BARNES, Joshua (1654-1712). An English
classical scholar, born in London. In 1695 he
was appointed professor of Greek at Cambridge.
Among his best-known works are: Gerania; or, A
New Discovery of a Little Sort of People Called
Pygmies (1675), which is said to have furnished
Swift some hints for his Voyage to Lilliput; and
AvXiKOKdroTTTpov (1679), a Greek paraphrase of
the Biblical story of Esther. His editions of the
Greek classics are no longer used.
BARNES, Thomas (c. 1785-1841). An English editor. He was a schoolfellow of Leigh Hunt at Christ's Hospital, graduated in 1808 at Pembroke College, Cambridge, and wrote for the London Examiner a series of articles published over the signature 'Criticus.' In 1817 he became editor of the London Times, which he firmly established as the foremost of English newspapers. He was a friend of Hunt, Lamb, and Hazlitt; and, as director of the political policy of the Times, wielded great influence. "Barnes," says Leigh Hunt in his Autobiography, "wrote elegant Latin verse, a classical English style, and might assuredly have made himself a name, in wit and literature, had he cared much for anything beyond his glass of wine and his Fielding."
BARNES, William (1801-86). A poet and philologist, born at Rushhay, Bagber, Dorsetshire. He was for many years master of the grammar school at Dorchester. He was ordained in 1847, and was promoted from the curacy of Whitcombe to the rectory of Winterbourn-Came, in Dorset, in 1862. In the meantime he received the degree of B.D. from Cambridge. He died October 7, 1886. He is the author of three collections of poems written in the dialect of Dorsetshire: Poems of Rural Life, with a Dissertation and Glossary (1844); Homely Rhymes (1859); and Poems of Rural Life (1893). Barnes was a true poet, combining with a genuine love of nature, as seen in the rich grazing-lands of Dorsetshire, a keen sympathy with the rustic population, their hopes and fears, loves, joys, sorrows, and superstitions. It is for this audience that he professed to write. He wrote also a collection called Poems of Rural Life in Common English (1868), which contains many attractive pieces. As a philologist, Barnes attempted to restore the ancient English speech. In his Outline of English Speechcraft (1878) he substituted for the usual grammatical nomenclature English compounds of his own coining. 'Tenses' became time-takings; 'adjectives' mark-words; and 'grammar,' speechcraft. Consult Lucy Baxter, Life of William Barnes (New York, 1887).
BAR'NET. A town in Hertfordshire, England, 11 miles north-northwest of London. It was formerly a place of some importance on the Great Northern Coach-Road. Large cattle fairs are held here. Near the town is the site, marked by an obelisk, of the famous battle, fought April 14, 1471, between the Yorkists and Lancastrians, in which the latter, after a desperate struggle, were routed, and their leader, Warwick, 'the king-maker,' killed. Population, in 1891, 6400; in 1901, 7900.
BAR'NETT, John (originally, Beer) (1802-90). An English composer, born at Bedford. He studied under Horn, Price, Perez, Ferdinand Ries, and (at Frankfort) Schneider von Wartensee, and early wrote a considerable number of songs and ballads, of which the best was the setting for the Rev. Charles Wolfe's "Burial of Sir John Moore." In 1834 appeared his Lyrical Illustrations of the Modern Poets, a song-collection of unusual merit; and in the same year his opera, The Mountain Sylph, was presented in London. With the latter, generally accounted his best work, many mark the beginning of the movement toward the founding of an English school of dramatic music. His Fair Rosamond, performed in 1837, failed, through the absurdities of the libretto, of any marked success. From 1841 he was a teacher of singing at Cheltenham. Others of his publications are an oratorio, The Omnipresence of the Deity (1830); and a School for the Voice (1844).
BARNETT, John Francis (1837—). An English musician and composer, born in London. He studied at the Royal College of Music, London, and the Leipzig Conservatorium; played at a Gewandhaus concert, Leipzig, in 1861, and first attracted attention as a composer by his symphony in A minor, performed in 1864 by the Musical Society of London. His most important work is the cantata, The Raising of Lazarus, given for the first time at the Hereford festival, of 1876. He became a professor in the Guildhall School of Music, and in the Royal College. Among his other compositions are the cantatas The Ancient Mariner, written for the Birmingham festival of 1867, and Paradise and the Peri, for that of 1870; The Lay of the Last
