Great Stanmorc, Middlesex, from 18G0 until his
death. With the exception of an ephemeral
translation of Faust, eoiiiprising in all 50 copies,
and published in London in 1838, Bernays's
English translation of Part II. of the famous
C4erman drama was the first to appear, being
published in London in 1839, under the title
Faust: a Tragedij, Part JL; Translated from
the German, Partly in. the Metres of the Original
and Partly in Prose, with Other Poems, Original
and Translated. ( 184-2 ). Among the further pub-
licatitms of Bernays may be mentioned Tlte
Church in the fichoolroom (1851).
BERNAYS, Lewis AnoLPHUs (1831—). An Australian scientist, brother of Leopold John Bernays. He was born in London, and was educated at King's College. He subsequently emigrated to New Zealand, whence, after a so- journ of two years, he proceeded to New South Wales, where he was an officer of Parliament from 1853 to 1859. For the past 43 years he has been clerk of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland, a position analogous to that of clerk of the House of Commons. He was the founder, and for sixteen years vice-president of the Queensland Acclimatization Society. In rec- cgnition of his distinguished services to the Crown in the Legislative Assembly, as well as in the Department of Economic Botanv, he received the title of C.M.G. in 1892. His publications in- clude Cultural Industries for Queensland; The Olive and Its Products, and contributions to the Linna'an and Royal Geographical societies.
BERNAYS, Michael (1834-97). A German literary historian, brother of Jakob Bernays, born in Hamburg. He studied at Bonn and Heidelberg, and in 1873 was appointed profes- sor of the history of literature at JIunich. His works have to do chiefly with Goethe and Shakespeare, and include Briefe Goethes an F. .4. Wolf (1868) ; Zur Entstehungsgeschichte des iichlegelsehen Shakespeure (1872); and Goethe und Oottsched (1880). He also prepared a re- vised edition of the translation of Shakespeare by Schlegel and Tieck.
BERNBURG, bern'boorK. A town in the German Duchy of Anhalt, till 1863 capital of Anhalt-Bernbiirg, situated on the Saale, 23 miles south of JIagdeburg (Jlap: Germany, D 3). The town is divided into three sections — the Altstadt and the Neustadt, with the suburb of Waldau on the left bank of the river, and the Bergstadt on the right, connected by a stone bridge. Bem- burg is well built, has several educational and charitable institutions, and manufactures of porcelain, paper, cement, and starch. It also has breweries, distilleries, mills, and iron foundries. Old Bernburg was a fortified town as earlv as the Tenth Century. Population, in 1890, 28,326; in 1900, 34,418.
BERNE-BELLECOUR, barn' Iiel'koUr', Etifx>'e Prcsper (1838 — ). A French painter, born in Boulogne. He was a pupil of Picot and Barrias, and at first painted landscapes and portraits. His reputation was, however, achieved with accurate and spirited pictures of episodes of the Franco-Prussian War. His works, many of which are in private collections in the United States, include the following list: "Cannon Shot" (1872), "In the Trenches" (1877). "Attack on the Chateau of Montbeliard" (1881), and "To Arms!" (1891).
BERNECK, ber'nek, Kaki. Gustav vox {Bernd von Guseck, pseudonym) (1803-71). A German novelist and military writer, born at Kirchhain. In 1820 he was appointed an officer of cavalry, in 1839 an instructor in the division school at Frankfort-on-the-Oder, and in 1848-02 in the military and engineering school in Berlin. His military works inchide: Gcschichte der Kricgskunst' { 1867) , Elcmcnic der Taktik (1870) , and other similar volumes. He also translated the Divine Comedy of Dante, wrote the librettos for two of Kreutzer's operas, and published a num- ber of stories, such as Die Hand des Fremden (1857), and Der Graf von der Liegnitz (1869).
BERNER, ber'ner, Albert Friedrich (1818- — ). A German criminologist. He was bom at Strassburg, Brandenburg, and studied at the University of Berlin, where in 1848 he was ap- pointed professor of law. His best-known work is a Lehrbuch des deutschen Strafrechts (1857, 10th ed., 1891), frequently translated. He has also written a nmnber of other volumes, includ- ing Judentnm und Cliristcntum und ihre Zu- kunft (1891).
BERN'ERS, or BARNES, Laoy Juliana (b. 1388?). Though little is known about Dame Juliana, she is said to have been the daugh- ter of Sir James Berners, beheaded on Tower Hill in 1388, and to have become, in the Fifteenth Century, prioress of Sopwell nunnery, in Hert- fordshire. To her is attributed, on the authority of the Colophon, one of the first books printed in England. The Soke of Saint Allans (I486), comprising treatises on hawking, hunting, and heraldry. The book was printed at Saint Al- bans, but the name of the printer is unknown. In 149G ^^lk,^^l de Worde [jublished a second edition, to which was added a treatise on fishing. In this continuation there is a quaint woodcut of a fisherman, which has become celebrated. During the Sixteenth Century the book was ex- tremely popular, as is evidenced by the numerous editions. Consult: Facsimile of first edition, with introduction by Blades (London, 1881) ; facsimile of the treatise on fishing, Watkins (London, 1880) ; and a version of the latter treatise from manuscript, made for the London Dialect Society, Vol. XIX., Satchell (London, 1883).
BERNHARD, bern'hart. Count of Anhalt and Duke of Saxony (1140-1212). The founder of the present ducal dynasty of Anhalt. He was the youngest son of Albert the Bear, the first llargrave of Brandenburg, who died in 1170. In iiddition to inheriting part of his father's do- minions, out of which arose the little State of Anhalt, he came into possession of a portion of the Duchy of Saxony. Mien the country was partitioned by Henry the Lion, he also received a portion of the Dukedom of Saxony. His last ])olitical action was the forcible reinstatement of Archbishop Walderaar, at Bremen, in the face of the determined opposition of the Pope and of the Danish King.
BERNHARD, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (1649-1706). The founder of the pre.sent ducal dynasty of Saxe-Meiningen. He was a son of Duke Ernest the Pious of Saxe-Gotha, and re- ceived his education at the University of Tu- bingen. After the death of his father (1675) he ruled in conjunction with his six brothers, until a settlement was efl'ected whereby the Duchy of
