BORDEAUX. 314 BORDER WAR. 1S95 (Bordeaux, 1895) ; Mauriac, L'assainisse- Northumberland and Cumberhuid ; on tlie Scot- ment de livdiiiux (Bordeaux, 1890). tish side. Berwickshire, Roxburghshire, and BORDEAUX, Due de. See Chambobd, ^""l^'l'?^?, Henui Cuakles. BORDEAUX, University of. A university founded in 1441, while Bordeaux was under British rule, by combininj; earlier convent and cathedral schools and a school of medicine. Its privileges, confirmed by Louis XI., made it self- governing till the time of Francis I. Thence- forward it was under State control. At the Xa- From the Eleventh till the end of the .Seven- teenth Century, there was almost constant dis- turbance on the Border. Ruthless wars on a great scale between English and Scots some- times caused the most frightful devastation, and became the source of lasting ill-will on both sides. History abounds in events of this kind, and the feuds and forays of clans and families are commemorated in a series of ballads, im- sh noleonic reform of the universities, m IsUs, it i i- j • ii ir- » ? * ji i.» *.■ jjuicuiiiu ^'"'"' "' ^ . J f 1 i-j. ;„ mortalized in the Minstrelsii of the Scottn received faculties of science and of lette s, m .. , , j,- -iy„]t„r Spott 1870 a faculty of law, and in 1878 a faculty of '"^^i.^. ." w .w. ;= .„.!,;„„ .„ .,; medicine and pharmacy. It has a budget of over 1.000.000 francs, and had, in 1901. 2088 students, of whom over 800 were in medicine and over 700 in law. In the library there are about 85,000 volumes. Connected with the university is the Jlarine Zoological Laboratory of Archachon. BORDEAUX MIXTURE. See Fungicides. BOR'DENTOWN. A city in Burlington County. X. J., (J miles soutneast of Trenton, the terminus of the Delaware and Raritan Canal, In the present day there is nothing to dis- tinguish the Border from other districts of the country, unless it be the prevalence of pictur- esque ruins of old ca.stles, which are generally roofless, but whose walls, of vast thickness and strength, are still in a good state of presentation. The Border strongholds were of three kinds — reg- ular fortresses, large baronial castles, and the lesser kinds of towers. For an account of these and other architectural remains on the Border, see Border Antiquities of England and Scotland, and on the Delaware River and the Pennsylvania by Sir Walter Scott (2 vols., folio, illustrated Railroad (Map: Xew Jersey, C 3). It contains with plates); also Billings's Baronial and Ec- the Bordentown Military Institute, Saint Jo seph's Convent, and the Priscilla Braislin School for Girls. The city is the market and shipping point for a tributary agricultural district, and has extensive manufacturing interests, repre- sented by worsted-mills, machine-shops, and iron-works of various kinds, ship-j-ards, brick clesiastical Antiquities of Scotland (4 vols., 4to), illustrated with plates (Edinburgh and London, 1848-52). The great channels of communication across the Border are two railway routes, one by way of Berwick and the other by Carlisle. There are also good roads in various directions for vards, and other industrial plants. Bordentown those who wish to explore this extremely inter- was incorporated first in 1849. The government, esting district. Besides the books already re- under a charter of 1876, is vested in a mayor, ferred to, there are works of local note, among elected every two years, and a municipal coun- w'hieh the most comprehensive are: Richardson, cil. Population, in 1890, 4232; in 1900, 4110. Uomance of English and Scottish Border (Xew- Xear Bordentown Joseph Bonaparte (q.v.) lived castle-on-Tyne, 1846) ; .leffrey's History and An- 1817-32, and 1837-39; his fine park, and '"Iron- tiquities of Ifoxburghshire,' S vols. (London, sides," the home of Rear-Admiral Charles Stew- 1857-64) ; Ridpatlrs Border History. 1 vol., 4to art (q.v.), are among the city's more notable (London. 1776); Veitch's History and Poetry points of interest. Prince Murat. the son of of the Scottish Border (Glasgow, 1877) ; Craig- ■ Mar.shal Joachim Murat (q.v.), also lived here Brown's History of Selkirkshire (Edinburgh, for many years prior to 1848. See E. M. Wood- ]886) ; Oliver's Upper Tevietdale and the Scots ward, Bonaparte's Park and the llurats (Tren- ^f Buccleugh (Edinburgh, 1887). ton, 1879 BORDER (Fr. hordure. edge, of Teutonic origin; cf. MHG. borte, border). The. A term BORDER MIN'STREL, The. See Scott, Sir W.lter. BORDER RUFFIANS. In American his- employed in historical as well as popular plirase- ^^^.^.^ a' name applied to the pro-slaverv residents ology to signify the common frontier of England ^j JHssouri, who. in 1854 and thereafter, crossed and ' Scotland. The Border shifted to and fro frequently in former times. At present the di- viding boundary of the two countries consists of natural and imaginary outlines. It is custom- ary to speak of Scotland as a country 'north of' the Tweed'; but the Tweed is the boundaiy only for about 16 to 18 miles. At Carham Burn the" line proceeds toward the Cheviot Moun^ tains, which form the boundary for about 25 miles ; thence it strikes Ker.siiope Water, a tributary of the Esk. That river is the boun- dary for a number of miles, to a point above Longtown, where the line quits the Esk abriptly in a northerly direction, and, taking into England part of what was known as the 'Debatable Land' (q.v.), strikes on the small river Sark, which is the boundarj' to the Solway Firth, the great over into Kansas for the purpose of turning the elections and of committing depredations on the 'Free-State' settlers. See Kansas. BORDER STATES. In American history, the name applied to those slave States which, at the outbreak of the Civil War, were contiguous to the more southerly of the free States. They were Delaware. Maryland, Virginia, Kentuekj', Missouri, while Xorth Carolina. Tennessee, and Arkansas were also frequently so designated. Of these, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas seceded and joined the Confed- eracy. BORDER WAR. The war in Kansas be- tween the -Sons of the .South,' or pro-slavery men, mostly from Missouri, and the 'Free-State natural division on the west."^ Such, in general Slen,' mostly from the Xew England States, who terms, is the entire boundary, extending from had emigrated to Kansas for the purpose of ex- sea to sea for about 100 miles. The counties eluding slavery therefrom. It continued for sev- lying on the English side of the border are eral years after the passage of the Kansas-
