BOBROW. 327 BOBTNYANSKI. three fascinating books are largely autobiograph- ical. Of almost equal interest is Wild Wales (18112). For an authoritative life of Borrow, consult Knapp. 2 vols. (London, ISflO). Kuapp has also carefully edited Lnvengro. The Romany Rye. and other works (London, 1900). BORROWING (AS. borgian. Ger. horgen, to borrow ; literally, to give a pledge, AS. horg, borli, Ger. Borg, pledge, security). The taking or receiving something from another on trust, with the intention of returning it or giving an equivalent for it. As sometimes used, the word borrowing implies that the borrower is under the obligation of returning the specific thing bor- rowed, as to borrow a book or any other thing to be returned again. In this case, it is that form of the contract of bailment (q.v. ) legally termed commodattim, if no pay is to be given; but when payment is to be made, the borrowing is a local io, so called. Where the agreement is to return another article of the same kind and value, the contract is rather in the nature of a barter or sale. Where money is borrowed, the identical money is not expected to be returned, so that to borrow in this sense is to make a con- tract for the use of money. While theoretically borrowing may be of real estate, or an incorpo- real right, in practice the use of the term is con- rined to personal property. Unless the agreement of lending specifies the time when the borrowed article shall be returned, it is returnable at the demand of the lender. Where the lending is gratuitous and without con- sideration, it imposes no obligation on the lender, and he may terminate the arrangement at his will. See Bailment. BORROWING DAYS. The last three days of March in the old-style calendar, or April 11-14 in the present new style. These days were from most ancient times in Scotland called 'borrowing days.' because they are usually cold and snowy, so that it is said :
- March borrows frae April
Three days, an' they are ill ; The first o' them is wun' an' weet; The second it is enaw an' sleet ; The third o' them is a peel-a-bane, And freezes the wee bird's neb tae etane." The meteorologist, Buchan. says that he has examined the records of temperature for a num- ber of years, and has shown that there is a dis- tinct cold period between the 1 1th and 14th of .pril, corresponding to this old popular saying, tlip origin of whioli is lost in the mist of an- tiquity. Consult liuclian. Handy Book of Meteor- ology (Edinburgh. ISliS). BOKROWSTOUNNESS' ('the c;q)e near Burward's dwelling." from AS. Xa.su, in composi- tion naes, headland, nose, Lat. nasun, Ger. Xase, nose) ; usually shortened to Bo'ness, bo-nes'. A seaport in Linlithgowshire, Scotland, in the Firth of Forth, 15 miles west-northwest of Edin- burgh (.Map: Scotland, E 3). It has coal-mines e.xtendiiig under the bed of the Forth, and manu- factures of salt, soap, malt, vitriol, and earthen- ware. It has an export trade in coal, iron and stet'l manufactures, and manures, and imports maize, timber, iron ore, paper-making materials, etc. Ironstone, limestone, and freestone exi.st in the parish. (Jraham's Dike, a part of the Roman Wall of Antoninus, traverses the parish. Dugald Stewart (q.v.) lived near Borrowstounness. Population of police burgh, in 1901, 9100. BORS. The name of the King of Gaul in the Artliurian story. He was brother of King Ban of Benwicke, and both were Arthur's faithful allies. BORS, or BCHORT, Sir. One of King Ar- thur's knights, and nephew of Lancelot. When Guinevere was accused by Sir Xador, Bors was appointed to light for her; but on the day of the contest his place was taken by Sir Lancelot. BORSIPPA, bor-sip'pa (probably from hul- sif. mixture of languages; cf. Babel, which, ac- cording to the Bible, means the same). A town situated on the west bank of the Euphrates, op- posite the city of Babylon, and forming, in the days of the Neo-Babylonian monarchy, a suburb of Babylon itself. There are indications that the place was fully as old as Babylon, and it would appear, indeed, that its religious significance even antedates that of Bal)ylon itself. The chief deity worshiped at Borsippa was Nabu (or Xebo), to whom Tashmitum is given as a consort. Nabu, originally, as would appear, a water-deity, be- comes the patron of letters and learning in Baby- lon, lie is the god of writing and wisdom in general. His temple at Borsippa. known as E-zida the 'true' (i.e. fixed and legitimate house), becomes in the course of time, with E-sagila, the 'lofty house,' the temple of Mar- duk, the most significant sacred structure of the south, to which a solemn pilgrimage was made en the Babylonian Xew Year's festival. The site of Borsippa is represented by Birs-Ximrud, and the remains of the temple-tower at that place are associated in both popular and learned tradi- tion with the legendary Tower of Babel (q.v.). See Babylox. BORSTELL, bor'stel. Karl Heinrich Lud- WTG VON (1773-1844). A Prussian soldier, born at Tangermiinde. He served as commander-in- chief in Pomerania in 1812, and in this capa- city did much to check the excesses of the French. As major-general he took a prom- inent part in the campaigns of 181.3, and his bold though unauthorized move at Dcnnewitz decided thatconllict. At the battle of Leipzig (October 16-19, 1S13) his brigade was the first to enter the gates of the city. Soon afterwards a])pointed lieutenant-general, he accompanied Billow's corps to Holland (1814), and after the departure of that general remained behind with 10,000 men to complete the conquest of the country. While engaged in the organization of the Second Prus- sian Army Corps, which had been intrusted to him ( 181.5), a revolt, engendered by political dis- content, broke out among several Saxon battalions stationed at Li&ge: and although jiromptly sup- pressed. Bliicher ordered seven of the leaders to lie sliot and the flags of the insubordinate battal- ions to be burned. By reason of his failure to comply with this request, Borstcll was sentenced to foiir years' military confinement. Several months later, however, he was pardoned by the King, who appointed him commander of Magde- burg. BORT. Sec DiAMONu. BORTNYANSKI, bort-nyiin'sk*?. Dmitri Stepaxovitc'ii ( 17.)1-182;")) . A Russian com- poser of church music. He was born in Glukhov, Government of Chernigov, and at seven joined the I'ourt Choir at the capital, where he studied under Galuppi. The EmpresB Elizabeth, struck by his
